Syria Conflict

Introduction The Syrian Arab Republic is an Arab state of matter in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, flop to the North, Iraq to the East, Jordan to the South, and Israel to the Southwest. In March 2011, the Syria departure has begun callable to motley reasons and is gloss over press release on today. This outbreak is whizz of the key pointors which resulted the Arab Spring (Arab become). Arab Spring refers to the egalitarian uprisings that arose independently and spread across the Arab man in 2011.The protest originated in Tunisia in December 2010 and quickly took hold in Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan. In these countries, the citizens intiatied the protests as the ruling families have been keeping the power for too wide (Arab Spring, 2012). In Syria, the conflict goes up to its peak as the rotation against the obtain of Syria President Bashar Al-Assads (Mr Assad). According to the latest report of the humankind counterbalance Organization, much than 36,000 nation were killed in this civil war (Khera, 2012).In this essay, the roots of the conflict testament be traced and analysed using the internationalistic relation (IR) theories. Literature reassessment A literature re involve has been conducted to investigate the causes of the conflict by applying IR theories. The traditional core of IR relates to issues concerning the development and change of sovereign renderhood, in the context of the larger system or society of narrate. In general, on that point are four (4) major theoretical traditions in IR and will be covered as part of the study scope pragmatism Liberalism international Society and International regimenal Economy (IPE). world several(prenominal) general realist ideas and assumptions were discussed (Jackson, 2010). These are related to distinct aspects such as discouraged view of gracious nature international conflicts that are ultimately indomitable by war, high regard for the values of national tribute and enunciate survival and basic scepticism that there stub be advance in international politics that is comparable to that in domestic policy-making life. In summary, with realist, states are the most important factor.All states tend to abide by self-interested and their chief(a) concern is survival (Wikipedia). Liberalism The opposite theory is Liberalism, which started by John Locke in the seventeenth (17th) century. He believed that as the development of technologies and plurality can stamp down the nature, there are great potential that flock could flourish in states that guaranteed exclusive liberty. Liberals, differ from realist, shoot down a supportive view of human nature. And for them, conflict and war are avoidable.According to John Locke, the core concern of Liberalism is the enjoyment and contentment of individual human beings. A country is in a state of liberalism when a citizen within that country c an live their lives and pursue their happiness without other people interference. (Jackson, 2010) There is a major ponder in the midst of idealist Liberalism and pessimist Realism. A main point in this confer is concerned about human nature, as Liberalism takes a positive view of human nature while Realism holds a shun view. (Jackson, 2010) (Arab Spring, 21) International SocietyUnlike Realism and Liberalism International Society is oneness of classical IR approach which tries to avoid the stark choice in the midst of state self-esteem and conflict and human goodwill and cooperation. Instead of adopting the classical Realist pessimistic view or classical Liberalism optimistic view, it occupies a position between those two and develops that into a separate IR approach. (Jackson, 2010) International Political Economy International Political Economy (IPE) is the debate where they claimed that there is a link between politics and economics as well as the nature and period of ec onomic globalization.IPE is ultimately concerned with the ways in which political forces (states, institutions, individual actors, etc. ) shape the systems through with(predicate) which economic interactions are expressed, and conversely the arrogate together that economic interactions (including the power of collective markets and individuals acting both within and international them) have upon political structures and outcomes. (Jackson, 2010) Syrian Confliction inspection The first protest erupted on March 2011 in Deraa after the arrest and torture of some teenagers who were motley with revolutionary slogans on a school wall.In order to manage the irrepressible chaotic situation, minimum armed services forces were suitably in place to inform the protest through the use of checkpoint road blocks. As the protest move and spread widely over the country the citizens demanded for the President Bashar Al-Assads resignation. By July 2011 hundreds of thousand people taking to str eets, town and cities across the countries such as Alepo, Hama, Homs and Deraa (BBC, 2012). As the act of protest has become uncontrollable, the government applied the armament forces to crush the dissent and sending tanks to Deraa in late March 2011.Rockets and mortars were similarly used to hit the rebel stronghold (See Appendix 1. 1 Homs Feb 2012). later on a month of bombardment, the rebels retreated with an estimate of more than 700 people were killed. plurality within the country have to flee to neighboring countries such as Turkey up to several months. According to the statistics recorded by the join Nations refugee agency, there are more than 200,000 Syrians who have registered with the agency fled to Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq and Turkey. There was also an unofficial estimate of the refugees which puts the number much higher and those figures are judge to rise.The Government in Jordan as well as other countries permitted the perplex of Syrians within the countries, prov ided with minimum necessities and protection such as food and security guards. All the refugees were instructed to assemble in one common area, allowing the government to take care and control the crowds easily. In this Syria crisis, number of bomb blasts took place in different cities. Many people were killed in the civil war delinquent to the bomb strikes. Apart from causing deaths most of the facilities in the cities were destroyed.The war has deniably resulted various negative implications to Syria in terms of people, environment and asset. The Syrian government has put the blame of these activities to the terrorists which linked to the al-Qeada as well as a swarthy group called al-Nusa Front. The al-Nusa Front has said to be one who controlled and manipulated all the attacks and shelling activities. Based on the latest figures provided by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), the number of deaths account has been increase to 21067 and 5980 people wer e killed due to the security forces.Therefore the fall in Nations has charged the Syrian government and security forces for the violation of international humane law. A peace plan was suggested and conducted by the UN envoy, Kofi Annan and the negotiation mission started in April 2012. However as violence escalated, Mr. Annan resigned and withrew from the country. At the same(p) time Mr. Assad still shows no sign of leaving his power and there seems to be no end to the crisis. Trace down the root of the problem. As mentioned in the previous sections, the outbreak of the civil war has brought many negative implications to the country.There appears to have no solution for the civil war. Thus various researches were conducted to investigate and analyse the causes of the problem. In most recent research, Manfreda has pointed searing points which has led to the Syrian uprising (Manfreda, 2012) Political Repression Unstable Economy Media influence and Fear of state power. The political repression is one of the main reasons which causes the outbreak of Syrian war. Since 1950s, there was not any undisturbed conduct of power, as the change appears to happen through a military coup or an uprising (Manfreda, 2012).For instance as soon as the President Bashar al-Assad has inherited the power in 2000, he quickly hasten into the process of regenerateation while the power remains concentrated in the ruling family. Besides political repression, the unstability of economy in Syria is believed to be one of the causes which led to the uprising. The economy in Syria has become unsustainable due to the quick elaboration of the population. At present the population in Syria is estimated to be 20 million, with an total growth rate of 2. 4 percents. Based on the statistical review this figure stays among one of the worlds highest growth rate.A Syrian economist, Nail Sukkar has agreed that Syria is currently having a problem with the oversizing of population. It is difficult f or the government to sustain the citizens by providing sufficient welfares and healthcares. The unemployment rate has increased because the government is not able to create sufficient job opportunities to the people. An official figure was reported by the governmnet stating that the unemployment rate is estimated to be 10 percents. However with the combination of other independent estimates the rate of unemployment is believed to be approximately 25 percents.In addition, the natural adventure such as persistent drought struck north-eastern of Syria. This has caused a stark(a) devastation to the farming communities and affected more than a million of people since 2008. Due to the negligence of the government, thousands of farmer families were suffered from poverty. These people from the farming communities have give vent their angers and frustrations through participation of the protest activities. Furthermore due to the cautious reform of the remnants of socialism, it opened the door to private investment which in turn triggered an burst of consumerism among the urban upper-middle classes.However, privatization has favored families with personal links to Assad, which made the jobs remained scarce for people within the country (Manfreda, 2012). Apart from that the sense was raised by different performer of media. The advancement in technology has exposed the people to the world issues throguh various approaches for instance internet. Previously the government tried to refrain the youths from exposing to more information by limiting the means of media. However the attempt was failed since the state media is no longer the main channel to the citizens.The use of the new media is critical to the activist networks that underpin the uprising in Syria (Manfreda, 2012). Although the fear of state of the citizens has existed for a very long time since the ruling of Assad family, the persistent responses to the people in the peaceful protest in Spring 2011 has ou traged the people. As a result of the snowball effect, more citizens joined the protest. Additionally, many Syrians resent the fact that so much power is monopolised by the Alawi families, a Shiite religious nonage to which the Assad family belong.Although this is not considered as the driving force of the uprising in Syria, the combination of a majority Sunni pretest movement and an Alawi-dominated military has added to the tension in scrupulously mixed areas, such as city of Homs (Manfreda, 2012). Analysis the problem using IR theoretical. The causes led to the outbreak of the Syrian war were discussed in the agent section. In this section the problems will be analysed using the IR theory. Irrefutably, the brutal and aggressive way of ruling in Syria by Assad family triggered the anger of the people in the country.The Realism theory can be accounted for the approach select by the Assad family in ruling the country. As stated in the Realism theory, as a human character, people a lways desire to be in drivers seat. Thucydides (1972406) also stated that the standard of justness depends on the equality to compel and that in act the strong do what they have to power to do and the weak get what they have to accept Also, Machiavelli (198466) indicated the main responsibility of the ruler is always to seek the advantages and to defend the interests of their state and thus ensure the survival.In this , President Bashar Al-Assads ways of ruling the country is understandable, as he wants to lead the country to the new path of development, which can secure the country state and position amongst the Arab countries (Robert, 2010). However, these action moves created a immense conflict between the citizens and Assad family as the security of the citizens is being abused. This has directly caused he citizens losing their senses of security with the ruling family and consequently the rebellion arose.According to Thomas Hobbes , he believes that sovereign states are the principal factor in international system. States are inherently always obsessed with security which might lead to security dilemima whereby change magnitude ones security power can bring along even greater instability as an opposing power builds up its own arms in response. Since ruling Syria, the Assad family had built up a very strong security power through various means such as developing the massive destruction weapons.This has indeed fright the safety of the neighbouring Arab countie and it is now understandable why certain countries such as Turkey and Isarel supported the rebel by providing armors and weapons for the people to go against the government. At the same time, Mr. Assad was assisted by Russia with the supply of weapons to continue fighting in the war. Therefore the situation has gone worse due to the supports from other countries in the war. With Liberalism theory, liberals believe that monopoly in power must be avoided.With the Republican liberalism theory, it i s believed that democary states do not go against each other as they share the same moral values, and to their mutually benifical tie of economic cooperation and interdependence. However, for the Arab countries in general and Syria in specific, the monarchy system has been adopted by these countries over the centuries. Based on the findings in the previous section, it was identified that there is no peaceful power transfer in Syria since 1970. The prolonged imbalanced situation has resulted in the rise of the awareness among the citizens.Besides the issues of wealth and porverty mentioned by IPE are critical in the world of politic. red-faced conflicts nowadays can even take place inside the states due to the unstable economy, especially the weak states where the conflict can be bonded up with the development and underdevelopment. Since 1970, the Assad family has been tightly manipulated the economy. All the privileges of ecocomy went to the family and thus creating an imbalanced c ondition between the ruler and citizens. In addition, due to the overgrowth of population, there were no nice job opportunities provided by the government to the citizens.As a result the unemployment rate has increased causing the people to suffer from poverty. Conclusion In a nutshell, the revolution in Syria is inevitable due to the number of reasons such as the borrowing of monarchy system and unstability of economy. It is believed that the only way to terminate the civil war is through the assistance of external forces to suppress the furious citizens and introduce a fair(a) and transparent political process for the selection of new ruler in the country for instance through the adoptation of democracy system.Bibliography Wikipedia. (n. d. ). Realism (international relations). 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