Essay --

investigate Scholar SupervisorS.MuthusundariDr. R.M.Suresh, M.Tech.,Ph.DRegister No 2008791105Principal,Sathyabama University,Sri Muthukumaran land of Technology,Chennai Chennai The research work entitled A Novel D-Shuffle sorting Technique & its Performance Measurement, is a new sorting algorithm based on Divide and Conquer technique. compartmentalisation takes a vital role in the computer applications. This is a very interesting business in computer science. Nowadays, in that location are many sorting algorithms that are being used in practical life as well as in computation. Sorting problem has enticed a great deal of research, because efficient sorting is important to optimize the use of other algorithms. Sorting algorithms are prevalent in introductory computer science class, where the abundance of algorithm for the problem provides a gentle introduction to a variety of core algorithm concepts such as big O Notation, Divide and Conquer technique algorithms,best, worst and average can analysis and time space trade off.Generally, Divide and Conquer is a powerful tool for solution conceptually difficult problems. This leads to enter of research in to the introduction of new sorting algorithm using Divide and Conquer technique with better performance. Sorting makes the problem much simpler and easier. This idea leads our research to the application of sorting in different information structures like Binary search tree, Balanced search tree, Hashing data structure and in the area of Cryptography. In our research, we achieved the better result with divide and conquer technique to the introduction of novel D-Shuffle sorting technique, and its applications in different areas on BST,AVL tree, Hashing concept and encry... ...ty,ChennaiRespected Madam,Sub Requisite for Synopsis Meeting Reg.My Candidate S.Muthusundari (Reg.No 2008791105) has successfully completed her papers published in the International and National Journals and Confere nces. The Publications of the Research Scholar includes Anna University Annexure I and Annexure II Journals. Her performance is satisfactory. The particulars about her research work and brief write up on original contribution is alike enwrap in the report. For her Research no Data base is required. For generating the random number data set, SAS and Random.org data set tool is used and the data set is also verified. So, kindly accord her permission to submit the synopsis. Necessary arrangements may kindly to be made at your end. Thanking you, Yours Trully, ( Dr. R. M. Suresh)

Eugene Ionescos rhinoceros: True Means Resides In Action Not Words :: essays research papers

Eugene Ionescos "Rhinoceros" True Means Resides in Action not Words     I awoke sweating. Breathing heavily, I glanced over at my clock andread the time. 400 AM. I wasnt sure if this was reality or not so I ran mypalm over my scalp. No bump. A sigh of relief came over me. "Phew," I said,"it was only a ideate."     This is a dream I go for had often throughout the past equal of years.Each time, the bump in my dream gets bigger and bigger and each time I wake upIm more and more frightened that the dream was real. "I will not be arhinoceros," I tell myself over and over. "I will not."     These words I tell myself are well meaningless though. They are wordsand nothing more. Futile attempts to ease the pain of my "rhinocerotic" life.The only way to really not become a rhinoceros is by making the existentialdecision not to do so.     A main theme in Eugene I onescos, Rhinoceros, is that true meaningresides in action rather than in mere words. A resistance to taking action thereforeresults in ones becoming a rhinoceros. Jean illustrates this in the beginningof Act 2, scene 2, when we propose Jean and Berenger bickering. Berenger feels thatJean isnt looking or feeling well and threatens to get him a doctor. Jeanresists by saying, "Youre not going to get the doctor because I dont want thedoctor. I can look after myself." (pp. 62) This refusal comes from hisarrogant view of himself as a "Master of his own thoughts," (pp. 61) and"Having will-power" (pp. 7) By seeing the doctor, Jean would have puthimself in the position of taking responsibility for his actions and seeing thathe wasnt always the "master of his own thoughts" and that his will-power wasactually quite weak. It would be admitting the meaninglessness in his futileattempts to remain a human. He didnt want to see that he, in fact, wasbecoming a rhin oceros.     Had Jean agreed to see a doctor, he may have been saved. By seeing thedoctor, Jean would have come to terms with his becoming a rhinoceros. Aftercoming to terms with his current state, he could then change his subsequentstate to one of taking action to be an individual.     Berenger, however, illustrates the power in making an existentialdecision. The trumpeting call of the rhinoceros was a coaxing one, butBerenger was able to resist it through his commitment and determination. In thebeginning of Act 3, Berenger and Dudard are speaking after Berenger was awakened

Religious Symbols in Society: Church vs. State Essay -- Religion

In our daily lives, without even recognizing it, there are religious symbols present all around us. If we are carrying money, In divinity fudge We cartel is a religious symbol that is present on our currency. If we happen to say the pledge of allegiance we are saying one nation under God which alludes to God and the Catholic religion. Around the holidays, there are Christmas decorations present e actuallywhere, which are religious symbols of the Catholic faith. None of these things seem bad or harmful to anyone in any way. They are not harming anyone. Are they? Well, they are not harming anyone directly, but have impacted people because it is through the presence of these symbols that neglects all other religions and is feeding into the issue of the ongoing church versus state argument for separation. Religious symbols are aspects of all different religions that strengthen faith, promote certain beliefs, and represent the fundamentals of that specialised religion. According to Fursts article on the use of physical religious symbols, As beings that are both body and spirit, humans use symbols in lay out to perceive and to grasp realities that are not empirical. As social beings, humans use symbols to communicate with others, (p 2). But, there are many issues that arise when these symbols are conglomerate and existing in the media, the state, our government, and the public. Mainly this is because symbols are truly powerful and represent controversies that come along with different religions. Furst also states that, symbols play a powerful division in the transmission of the culture of human society, (p 2). If religious symbols transmit culture into society, then people in our society are going to pay very close attention to what symbols are present... ... Case may Determine Direction of Church-State Law. Church & State 62.10 (2009) 220-2. Web. Boston, Rob. Prayers, Preaching & Public Schools Religious Right Activists use all-embracing Variety of Tacti cs to Evangelize in the Classroom. Church & State 62.10 (2009) 223-6. Web. Furst, Lyndon G., and Stephen J. Denig. The use of Physical Symbols to Transmit Culture in Religious Schools A Comparison of Adventist and Catholic Schools in America. Journal of Empirical Theology 18.1 (2005) 1-21. Web. Stevenson, Dwight Eshelman. Religious Symbols and Religious Communication. Lexington Theological Quarterly 1.3 (1966) 69-79. Web. Wandering in the Desert Justice Scalias Dangerous Plan to desacralize the Cross. Church & State 62.10 (2009) 230-318. Web. Zenit. Christmas Symbols Not Welcome in Many U.S. Classrooms National Catholic Register 77.51 (2001) Print.

Terrorism and Morality Essay -- September 11 Terrorism Essays

Terrorism and Morality In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks of 2001 and the U.S. military action in Afghanistan, moral questions have arisen. This essay will consider such questions. Many Church leaders and leading thinkers in the joined States have strongly defended the U.S. engage of military force in the wake of Sept. 11. Yet outside the States the talk is less about just-war and more(prenominal) about frugal and social inequalities. The first and dominant inequality Americans face at the moment is this one The real murderers, the architects of these murders, are alive and determined to kill again, while the murder victims have been robbed of their lives, their futures, their hopes, dreams and families. More than 5,000 aboveboard people died at the hands of extremist killers in a single day in September(CNN), and others continue to die through what appears to be bioterrorism(Bio). Americans see this more clearly, and feel it more keenly, than outsiders because Americans a re directly engaged as the target of the violence. Outsiders are not, so their perspective is predictably different. I think that reminders of the social and frugal inequalities in the world serve an important purpose. But no government can keep its legitimacy if it fails to defend its people. The injustices in the world can never be used to contextualize or excuse mass murder. And the United States is by no means the only source of the worlds social and economic inequalities. America bears heavier moral obligations for its actions because of its prosperity and power, but in the Muslim countries and throughout the Third World, rulers have consistently exploited their own people, with or without Western involvement. sine isnt a... ...ht to a life without fear. The irony, of course, is that hundreds of thousands of Arab-Americans are actually Christians whose families often came to the United States to escape economic discrimination and religious intimidation in the Muslim countr ies of the midst East. I believe that despite our flaws and sins, Americans are a good people -- and also a great people. We have a chance in the United States to show the world that Christians, Jews, Muslims and people of other faiths and no faith can live together in mutual respect and peace. Whether Americans today have the nature to accomplish that goal remains to be seen. It has to be proven again in every new generation. SOURCES CITED Bioterrorism Articles. http//pubs.ama-assn.org/bioterr.html CNN Online News. http//www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/memorial/

Where the Red Fern Grows by Wilson Rawls Essay -- essays research pape

Where the blushing(a) Fern grows A novel by Wilson Rawls named Where the Red Fern Growsis the story of a boy, his two hounds (which he named Old Dan and Little Ann), and all of the adventures they shared together. A winning threesome, they ranged the dark hills and river bottoms of the Cherokee country. Old Dan had the brawn, Little Ann had the brains, and Billy had the will to train them to be the finest hunting team in the valley. Glory and victory awaited them, but sadness waited too. Close by was the strange and wonderful power that is only ground Where the Red Fern Grows. An exciting tale of love and adventure one will never forget. Some themes that will be encountered in this novel are the exit from youth to maturity, the rewards of hard work and diligence, and working together to achieve common goals. All of these themes and more can be found in the novel Where the Red Fern Grows. One theme illustrated in this novel was the passage from youth to maturity. An example of th is is when Billy stopped asking for two hounds and saved up enough coin to get them himself. He sold items to fisherman at very low prices but he was determined and would also take any offer they would base him. Another example shown is when Billy bought everyone something from Tahlequah with his own money. A normal child would but himself lots of candy and seldom share it but Billy didnt. He bought his mom cloth, his dad overalls, and his sisters candy. This example greatly showed the passage from youth to maturity. Another example depicted was when Billy made a pledge to his dogs that the first coon they treed he would skin so when his hounds put a coon up the biggest tree in the forest, Billy didnt locomote away from the fact that it was very tall and started chopping the tree down and didnt give up until the coon was skinned unlike a child who would chip in no patience and be careless. One last example is when Billy took the death of his dogs like a man and buried them in t he nicest spot in the Ozark Mountain Ranges. He cared very much about his hounds and wanted them to endure a very comfortable and happy afterlife unlike many others which would have just thrown the hounds off a cliff or do something unpleasan... ...f it wasnt when Billy, Old Dan, and Little Ann worked together, someone could have been brutally ripped apart or even maybe everyone could have died at that very moment in the dark and lonely mountain ranges of the Ozark Mountains. So even though good happenings were on there way to Billy, hardships were right behind and if it wasnt for working together , none of the happiness, joy, and/or jubilance would have occurred.In conclusion, Where the Red Fern Grows by Wilson Rawls was a jubilant yet at the same time melancholy tale about a boys adventures with two hounds. When Billy received his hounds, his whole life changed. He had he best two dogs in the Ozarks and he proved it at the coon-hunting tournament. Nothing mattered anymore. Old D an and Little Ann opened the door to Billy and Billy walked through and through it with no fear. Then, suddenly, when everything was going fine, something tragic occurred and all of Billys dreams were thrown away at an instant. All of this and more could be found in the loving tale of Where the Red Fern Grows.

Where the Red Fern Grows by Wilson Rawls Essay -- essays research pape

Where the Red Fern grows A novel by Wilson Rawls named Where the Red Fern Growsis the story of a boy, his two hounds (which he named Old Dan and Little Ann), and all of the adventures they shared together. A loving threesome, they ranged the dark hills and river bottoms of the Cherokee country. Old Dan had the brawn, Little Ann had the brains, and nightstick had the will to train them to be the finest hunting team in the valley. Glory and victory awaited them, and sadness waited too. Close by was the strange and wonderful power that is only found Where the Red Fern Grows. An exciting bilgewater of love and adventure one will never forget. Some themes that will be encountered in this novel are the modulation from youth to maturity, the rewards of hard work and diligence, and working together to achieve common land goals. All of these themes and more can be found in the novel Where the Red Fern Grows. One theme illustrated in this novel was the passage from youth to maturity. An physical exertion of this is when Billy stopped asking for two hounds and saved up enough money to get them himself. He sold items to fisherman at very broken prices but he was determined and would also take any offer they would give him. Another example shown is when Billy bought everyone something from Tahlequah with his own money. A normal s studyr would but himself lots of candy and seldom share it but Billy didnt. He bought his mom cloth, his dad overalls, and his sisters candy. This example greatly showed the passage from youth to maturity. Another example depicted was when Billy made a promise to his dogs that the first coon they treed he would skin so when his hounds point a coon up the biggest tree in the forest, Billy didnt walk away from the fact that it was very tall and started chopping the tree down and didnt give up until the coon was skinned unlike a child who would have no patience and be careless. One last example is when Billy took the death of his dogs like a man and buried them in the nicest spot in the Ozark Mountain Ranges. He cared very much about his hounds and wanted them to have a very comfortable and happy afterlife unlike many others which would have just throw the hounds off a cliff or do something unpleasan... ...f it wasnt when Billy, Old Dan, and Little Ann worked together, someone could have been brutally ripped apart or even maybe everyone could have died at that very moment in the dark and lonely mountain ranges of the Ozark Mountains. So even though good happenings were on there way to Billy, hardships were right behind and if it wasnt for working together , none of the happiness, joy, and/or jubilance would have occurred.In conclusion, Where the Red Fern Grows by Wilson Rawls was a jubilant yet at the same time melancholy tale about a boys adventures with two hounds. When Billy received his hounds, his whole life changed. He had he best two dogs in the Ozarks and he proved it at the coon-hunting tournament. Nothing mattered anymore. Old Dan and Little Ann opened the door to Billy and Billy walked through it with no fear. Then, suddenly, when everything was going fine, something tragic occurred and all of Billys dreams were thrown away at an instant. All of this and more could be found in the loving tale of Where the Red Fern Grows.

Present Problems in Garments sector in Bangladesh Essay

Health & safety issues in garments application of bangladesh Introduction Origin of the report Health & safety polices are non available in most of the garments manufacturers & exporters in Ready made Garments sedulousness of Bangladesh. As a requirement of Human Resource commission course, this project is inclined(p) on Health & Safety issues in present amplitude 11729 course 47 PagesGarments industry in bangladeshCompensation & Benefits Management A case teaching on Regain Garments (Pvt.) Ltd. A Group Project Report On Compensation & Benefits Management A case pick up on Regain Garments (Pvt.) Ltd. Gani Md. Ataul (Id 06-07365-3) Hassan Abu Md. Mahin (Id 06-07360-3) tangentvir Hossain Tan Premium 2989 nomenclature 12 PagesOverview of garments industry in bangladeshTERM PAPER ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Daffodil International University (DIU) Acknowledgement outgrowth we feel great gratitude to my god to perform my task in time and successfully. We feel very happy to inf orm you that, after doing a hard work, we eventually d wizard our report on Human Resource Premium 3328 Words 14 PagesGarments industry in bangladeshGarments industry in Bangladesh Although Bangladesh is not developed in industry, it has been enriched in Garment industries in the recent past years. In the field of Industrialization garment industry is a promising step. It has given the opportunity of use to millions of unemployed, spec Premium 831 Words 4 PagesProspect of tourism industry in bangladeshProspect of Tourism diligence in Bangladesh Prospect of Tourism Industry in Bangladesh Submitted to MD. ANWARUL ISLAM Course Teacher Business Communication (MGT 431) Stamford University Bangladesh Submitted By, CHOWDHURY GOLAM NOOR- A- SUNNY Student ID- MBA 046 13284 Student of Premium 6152 Words 25 PagesProblems and prospects of poultry industry in bangladesh 1 Problems and Prospects of Poultry Industry in Bangladesh An Analysis Muhammad Mahboob Ali * Md. Moulude Hossain** Abstrac t The poultry industry has been successfully becoming a leading industry of Bangladesh. The primary objective of the view is to identify the various aspect relating th Premium 6890 Words 28 PagesTerm paper prospect of export oriented leather industry in bangladesh 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Origin Our honorable teacher, Professor (Dr) Khondoker Bazlul Hoque, Department of Management Studies, has assigned me to prepare term paper on Prospect of Export Oriented whip Industry in Bangladesh. This is a term paper for our Course International Business an Premium 4972 Words 20 PagesBangladesh in search of solution of upheaval in garments industry Bangladesh In Search of Solution of Unrest in Garments Industry Introduction Bangladesh is an underdeveloped country. Countrys major industry and its master(prenominal) foreign exchange earner sector is Ready Made Garments (RMG) industry. It accounted for about 80% of the total share of exports and ear Premium 3805 Words 16 Pages deviation settleme nt as regards minimum advantage in garments industry the case study of bangladesh Abstract As my main goal of the proposed research is to settling checkmate dispute regarding minimum wages in Garments Industry, I wanted to know if a change in focus from minimum wages to living wages could be achievable. The question will unfortunately remain unsolved at the end of the essay. To pred Premium 13411 Words 54 PagesThe garment industry of bangladeshTHE GARMENT labor OF BANGLADESH Introduction The garment industry has played a pioneering role in the development of industrial sector of Bangladesh. Though it took a rather late strike i.e., in 1976 but it soon established its reputation in the world market within a short span of time. Res Premium 9113 Words 37 PagesPharmaceutical industry in bangladesh1) PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 1.1 Industry Background The total industry can broadly be separate into two categories. Theses are a) Patent Medicines b) Generic Medicines Patent medic ines are the products that are invented by the company, who have their own research team working Premium 4522 Words 19 PagesPharmaceutical industry in bangladeshObjective of the report The Bangladesh paradox has been one of surprising economic resilience in the face of natural disasters, misfortunate governance and political volatility. However, a list challenge is whether Bangladesh can move away from an economy that is an impressive underdog, to one that c Premium 18842 Words 76 PagesEvaluation of software industry in bangladesh a study on hello dacca (pvt.) ltd Chapter-1 Introduction 1. Origin of the Study The MBA program of DU requires that each pupil complete an internship attachment period of at least 10 to 12 weeks with an organization and submit a report on the basis of it. Considering the fast footmark of the software industry today, I am work Premium 11930 Words 48 PagesMobile telecom industry in bangladeshMobile telecom industry in Bangladesh by Raiyan Mahmood Moon, S haffat Fahmi and Shoiab Mortuza September 16, 2010 Mobile phone has become an indispensable part of Bangladeshs everyday-life and has made a safe haven in one of our pockets much like our wallet that we never want to leave at hom Premium 7248 Words 29 PagesGarments industry pakistan cometitivenessTable of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 2 Garments Industry A Global Perspective 3 Global Trends in Garments 3 Garments Industry A Pakistani Perspective 4 FLIGHT TO BANGLADESH 8 contender 9 Application of Porters Diamond Model 10 LABOR 10 RAW MATERIAL 10 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 11 Premium 10102 Words 41 PagesFurniture industry in bangladesh1.0 THE INITIATIVE FOR THE STUDY This term paper fulfills the requirements of the specific grounds and objectives. The report is organized through the study of secondary sources of information. We have tried to put the concrete information aside from the limitations we have faced in preparing the p Premium 7433 Words 30 Pages mental process focal point of a gar ments factory of bangladesh AN EVALUATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT AT CORPORATE BRANCH OF CONCORD GROUP 1.0 INTRODUCTION In any industry the success of an organization is extremely dependent on its human resources. Although there are many other factors that play a key role, a company must have effecti Premium 11585 Words 47 PagesHr practises in garments industry in bdTable of Contents Literature palingenesis 3 Introduction Premium 7223 Words 29 PagesA comprehensive study on the problems and prospects of hrm profession in bangladesh Introduction Human Resource Management (HRM) is a way of management that links people-related activities to the strategy of a business or organization. HRM is often referred to as strategic HRM. This includes employment and arbitration in check with the law, and with a companys directives. Mo Premium 3115 Words 13 PagesSupply chain management of garments industry of bangledesh a case study on maksons spinning mills ltd. I. Introducti on 1.1 Introduction.Supply chain management seeks to synchronize a firms processes and those of its suppliers to match the flow of materials, services, and information with customer demand. Supply-chain management has strategic implications because the supply system can be used to Premium 8362 Words 34 Pages

Explain why it is important for marketers to understand the concept of branding Essay

Introduction. It is imperative for marketers to understand the concept of specking as it is the process which go out identify and differentiate a familiaritys product or service from the competition (Jobber, 2010). In our developed economy the competition and the offer is so intense that it is fundamental to trope a close relationship with both consumers and customers. That is what a vane does. Jobber (2010) defines a cross out as a distinctive product offering created by the use of a name, symbol, design, packaging, or some gang of these intended to differentiate it from the competitors.Brands affect consumers perceptions and preferences, a check is a quality certification and it creates depone and exclusivelyegiance. Trough this try on we volition explore why blemish is Copernican for marketers but also why it is important for consumers, we will then take in consideration the components of a strong provoker and how to assess it. Finally we will pretend a look at the blot stretching strategy and its benefits and disadvantages . This essay will draw upon example from the soda market.Content. The Ameri green goddess Marketing Association (AMA) defines a check off as name, team, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of seller and to differentiate them from the other sellers. Firstly, discolourations be now recognize as a key asset for a company and having a strong stigmatize will ultimately add value to it by giving a programme on which to build a reputation.For example, the stock market value of the Coca-Cola company was around $136 billion in the beginning of 2008 and by the end of the year, in scandalize of the global financial crisis, it remained close to 140 billion while the net asset value of the business was only $11,8 billion (Brands and Branding). A brand in addition, will help the company to attract more investors because the high value means the comp any is achievementful and reliable.Secondly, marketers should also try to understand consumer behaviour and thusly how a strong brand will affect consumer perceptions and preferences and ultimately the customers purchasing decision. To highlight this concept. The following consumer testing example is referenced twain matched samples of consumers were asked to taste fodder Coke, the market leader in diet soda bedevils, and regimen pepsi. The first group tasted the drinks blindfolded and were asked to state a preference. The procedure was tell for the second group, except that the test was with the recognisable brand.(Jobber,2010). The findings from the test made for interesting results Of the 100 or so test subjects who were blindfolded, 51 of them preferred the Diet Pepsi and 44 the Diet Coke ( 5 person did non find any difference) but for the group where the brand were identifiable, only 23 test subjects preferred the Diet Pepsi and 65 Diet Cola. This findings clearly demon strated the level of influence a strong brand name could have on customer perception of a product and therefore the final purchasing decision.In order to succeed, marketers need to understand the concept of branding to face the competition (Marketing Theory). New entrants in a market such as the cola soda market would have to compete with the most famous red can in the world and the intermit of the Cola drink, Coca-Cola. Besides, this is what happened to Virgin Coke who failed to break Coca-Colas domination (Jobber,2010),for the reason that Coca-Cola inspires trust and let the customer shop with confidence because he knows that a can of Coke will satisfy his desires.In addition, it will embraced the competition by making the distribution easier for the brand and more difficult for the entrants. Marketers have to recognise that a strong brand will directly and beneficially affect company profit, hence a heavy investment is often made into the branding process. A strong brand will a chieve, distribution more readily and will realise economies of scale, decreasing the costs of production and distribution (Jobber,2010).In addition, a brand will generate customer loyalty to a product with customers returning to a brand they trust (Brands and Branding) and customers who trust a brand will be less price sensitive because of a faith that a particular brand offers an expected level of quality and results, in short a subvention brand can charge at a premium price . Finally a strong brand not only lends to customer loyalty but it also lends as a platform for brand extension (Jobber,2010). A brand extension is a brand strategy that consist of utilize the established brand name to launch a advanced product (Journal of Marketing).Strong brands enjoyed having impact on customers perceptions and an extended product will benefit from it. For example, the Diet Coke, Coke Zero, Cherry coke have all stemmed from the strong Coca-Cola umbrella brand and all have masteryfully b een launched in the soda drink marke as a result. Consequently branding is important for marketers because it will make easier for a company to introduce a new product on the cover of an established one therefore securing and growing company profit in terms of strong sales forged through customer familiarity and trust.Thus, for the reason declared so far we have come to understand why it is imperative for marketers to understand the concept of branding but what are the components of a strong brand? How can we assess a brand? The Brand equity and brand set must be taken in consideration as well. It is important to know that branding is not only or so attracting new customers, thanks to a recognisable logo or a great advertising conjure but it is also about being known as the only and legitimate choice. In the energy drink market for example, with a plethora of product on offer such as Monster, Relentless, Rockstars ,etc. bolshie darn is seen as the only one that give move, the s tarp-line is globaly recognised and Red Bull has been seen for years as the only vodka mixer for european teenagers (marketingmagazine. co. uk). Hence branding is important for a company because an established brand and the products that fall within it, will have enjoy a sustainable market extended product life cycle. The Coca-Cola soft drink has been sold since 1895 for example. (thecoca-colacompany. com) Brands needs customers but customers needs brands as well. In developed economies consumers, have a massive range of choice. because, a good brand should in reality represents a cutting edge in design or technology, a high standard of quality which will be what consumers loyalty influenced by (Brands and Branding). The brand, with its recognisable name or packaging, is making a promise that consumers expectations will be satisfied (Brand and Branding) so it allows the consumer to shop with confidence and it acts as a guide through a intense class of choice. Another facet to this, is consumer indistinguishability consumers look to certain brands as a way of projecting a certain image to others in society and brands wreak an important role in this.Using brands in this way, consumers carve out an identity for themselves which differentiates them in some way to others around them. This behaviour is strongly recognised for example by the luxury goods market. This industry serves to satisfy a consumer desire to project a certain sense of taste, wealth or fashion savy. For example, muckle who want to identify themselves to a certain economical class may choose to purchase a car from a premium brand handle Mercedes, Audi, BMW, etc. ) or perhaps consumers who wish to portray a certain environmental sensation may choose to purchase an hybrid car.Branding positioning is about creating a unique and distinctive niche in the market place (Jobber, 2010). For an existing brand, the brand position will be defined by the brands strengths and weaknesses from a customer p erspective vis a vis the competition (Holmereport. com) but for a brand building it will be the process by which you will submit in peoples mind (brandstrategyinsider. com). In order to succeed in positioning, brands needs to show lucidness, consistency, competitiveness and credibility.Rita Clifton argues in Brands and Branding (2009) that in an over communicated world, lack of clarity will substantially reduce effectiveness and efficiency. During the fail decade Red bull suffered from a lack of clarity. Red Bull give you travel certainly but is it good for me? Why? When should I drink it? (marketingmagazine. co. uk). Nevertheless, even if the beverage must have faced some serious criticises about the ingredients contained that have been followed sometimes by the radiation of the can in some countries ( France finally capitulated in 2008, Lexpansion.com) , Red Bull has successfully engendered credibility through different strategies such as stretching. The three times victory o f Red Bull Racing in F1 and the more recent Red bull Stratos stunt has built a consequent reputation and credibility. We can assess the position of a brand trough six elements the brand domain, the brand heritage, the brand values, the brand assets, the brand genius and the brand reflection (Jobber,2010). The examination of those six elements will ultimately help increase the brand perfor military mance. By examining the brand domain you will know if the brand is efficient in the market in which it competes .For example, Red bull has three strong position. The Energy drink for extreme sports people, the energy drink and the drink as a spirit mixer (marketingmagazine. co. uk). Then the Brand heritage and the following four element are about creating clear advantages for the target consumers (Jobber,2010). So brand heritage is about the historical background of a brand. a brand which has been aroun for a while shows sustainability, reliability and a guarantee quality. This can be em ploy in advertisement (Jobber,2010) or on the packaging. On the other hand, brand values is what represent and characterise your brand.Red bull give you wings. It gives you wings because you will be awake all night and you wont feel tired at all, giving you confidence to achieve what you have neer done before. In analysing your brand asset you will notice what differentiate you from the competition. This can be a logo, a design, a symbol, an image, a philosophy or an event (Jobber,2010). At the moment someone speak about a can of Red Bull you will automatically think about two bulls on a silver and blue can or you will think about your previous party or at a man skydiving from the space.Red bull exceeded the competition by consolidating its image of a confident dynamic and innovative brand. An other element of the framework is the brand personality. If the brand Red bull was a person who would it be? Surely a dynamic and adventurous indivudual who wants to discover the world. Final ly, the brand reflection is how the brand relates to self identity (jobber, 2010). As we have seen earlier some people would purchase a Toyota Prius to identify themselves as ecologically aware.By assessing your brand with those six elements, the brand coach will have an overlook of the situation and it will give him clues to face some issues or to repositioned the brand. The brand equity is the value of the brand from customers perceptions of it. There are two kind of brand equity The customer-based brand equity and the proprietary-based brand equity. The first kind is entirely about the customers perception of the brand and the brand awareness and the brand image are two effectors of it. Jobber ( 2010) assumes that awareness is a pre-condition of evaluating a brand.By raising this awareness customers will go shopping in favour of a brand, they wont go shopping to get a denim bloomers but to purchase a Levis pants for example. Brand awareness is also useful for low-involvement pu rchasing situations purchases becoming habitual after a first satisfied experience with no research of nurture about the product because a relationship is already established. By increase brand image through the marketing mix (Jobber,2010) you will consolidate your customer-based brand equity. The most common way to do this is by advertisement.A great advert from a brand will stay in customers mind by touching him emotionally or by delivering a clear message. Ultimately an association is created between the brand and the customers that will affect the purchasing. Lets think of the test with Diet Pepsi and Diet Cola. We could say that Diet Cola (Coca Cola) profit of a better brand equity than Diet Pepsi (Pepsi) because when the brand was known a preference was made toward a particular brand. On the other hand, proprietary-based brand equity is more about the attributes of a company to deliver value to the brand (Jobber,2010).It can be by its aptitude to distribute the brand, for e xemple Mc Donalds which is the fourth most powerful brand in the world (wallstcheatsheet. com) sell official drinks from the Coca-Cola brand product line ( Fanta, Sprite, Minute Maid, Diet Coke, Coke). It can also be by the patents of a company. For example new technology (Dyson), new pharmaceutical products all have a strong proprietary based equity resulting from an original patent. Tom Blacket in Brand and Branding wrote Brands with strong equity embed themselves profoundly in the hearts and mind of consumers.Consequently, a strong customer-based brand equity or a strong proprietary-based brand equity will increase the brand equity so it will help the brand to keep its position in the market and new entrants will struggle to defeat it. Moreover, the value of the brand will attracting more investors,consumers and solicitations. To conclude this essay we could have a look at a brand strategy such as brand stretching. A brand stretching occurs when a brand is used on a unrelated ma rket (Jobber,2010). In terms of brand stretching, the Red Bull company is probably one of the best in this strategy.From the energy drinks to Formule 1 with the acquisition of Jaguar racing in 2005 recalled Red Bull Racing, passing by the football game world with the purchase of the New York MetroStars in 2006 (renamed New York Red Bull) and the SV Austria Salzburg in 2005 (FC Red Bull Salzburg) or with the creation of Red Bull Records in 2007. We will focused on the most recent and precise successful stretching of the brand Red Bull Stratos. If you have an internet connection and if you are sustenance in our contemporary world you must have heard or seen it ( 8 million live views on Youtube).In rare interview that Mateschitz, kick in of Red Bull, has accorded he stated We dont bring the product to the people, we bring people to the product. We make it available and those who love our style come to us(thedrum. co. uk). With Stratos, Red Bull has demonstrated the brands famous l ink with extreme sport and innovation but it has more importantly created the buzz of the last decade and revolutionized the purpose of a brand and the relation between it and the customers. Red Bull Stratos has become an I was there moment(campaignlive. com).With all those stretching strategies Red Bull could have lost in credibility, make itself a bad publicity or got cannibalized but its all the contrary that occurred. Its reputation has been consolidated and it has promoted its cans very well. It has also improved the trust toward the brand. Summary. A closed trusted relationship will be created only if there is quality. This relationship will consolidate customers perceptions about the brand increasing loyalty and then the revenues. It is imperative to position your brand efficiently in order to successfully reach your target market .Therefore you will need to deliver a clear and consistent message, be competitive and have credibility. You can assess the strength or weakness of your brand by analysing its domain, its heritage, its values, its assets, its personality and its reflection. In improving it you will raise some brand equity that can be customer-based or proprietary based. By increasing your brand equity you will stay in peoples mind for long time and be able to face efficiently the competition. Conclusion. The success of branding resides in the importance that you have for consumers and in the process of creating and managing a brand.Having a strong brand will help you to face the competition, to introduce new product and to make profit. A brand also help the customers to choice between a wide range of offers and to identify themselves. In order to success you must conquer consumers mind to gain their loyalty by promising that their desires will be satisfied. Branding is all about trust. Last but not least, companies need to understand that a brand should be taken such as an investment and not a cost. Red Bull spend 30 to 40% of its revenue in m arketing (marketing magazine).

The Earth

1. Generally, atmosphere layers ar hot if they contain gases that absorb some of the light that penetrates to that depth. impartial layers are cool. The temperature of a layer is generally found by the balance between absorption of solar light beam (heating) and the emission of radiation (cooling). A planet reaches a temperature at which there is a balance between absorption of solar radiation and the emission of infrared radiation by the planets climb.The material in the atmosphere, which absorbs solar radiation most actively in ozone. Ozone absorbs electromagnetic waves in the ultra-violet wavelength band. It mainly resides in the stratosphere. Nevertheless, emission and absorption of terrestrial radiation occur at any levels, and the beats are larger as temperature is higher(prenominal). Absorption of solar radiation, on the different hand, is mostly limited to the ozone layer. Therefore, spoting equilibrium temperature is high in the ozone layer and low elsewhere.The par t of solar radiation that transmit through the ozone layer, though somewhat absorbed in atmospheric constituents and clouds, mostly arrives at the lift (of sea and land) and is absorbed there. In the troposphere, the atmosphere tend to lose cipher by radiation alone, but it is compensated by the energy transfer from the surface by means of vertical motion of gloriole (i.e. by convection), and relatively high temperature is maintained. The vertical distribution of temperature in the troposphere is essentially determined as the result of convection.The atmosphere emits terrestrial radiation downward as well as upward. Therefore, terrestrial radiation from the atmosphere arrives at the surface in supplementition to solar radiation transmitted through the atmosphere. The atmosphere, containing water vapor and carbon dioxide, also absorbs a large part of terrestrial radiation emitted by the surface. The surface air temperature in in truthity (approximately 287 K) is significantly h igher than the temperature of the radiation emitted by the earth to space (255 K), because of the effect of the atmosphere absorbing and re-emitting terrestrial radiation. Stratospheric cooling and tropospheric warming are intimately connected, not only through radiative processes, but also through dynamical processes, much(prenominal) as the formation, propagation and absorption of planetary waves. At fall in not all causes of the observed stratospheric cooling are completely understood.2. The flat coats rotational axis of rotation is inc get outd 23.5 degrees from the perpendicular to the plane of the Earths orbit. The orientation of the Earths axis relative to the solarize and its rays changes nonstoply as our planet speeds along its orbital path. Twice a year the Earths axis is positioned perpendicular to the Suns rays, when all places on Earth except the poles experience equal periods of daylight and darkness. These times are the equinoxes, the foremost days of spring and fall, and they occur on or about March 21 and September 23, respectively. The Earths rotational axis is positioned at the superior burden from its perpendicular equinox orientation to the Suns rays on the solstices on or about June 21 and December 21.As the Earth orbits the Sun, the inclined axis causes the Northern hemisphere to tilt towards the Sun for half of the year, i.e. the spring and summer seasons in North America. During this time, more than half of the Northern Hemisphere is in sunniness at any instant of time. During the other half of the year, i.e. the fall and winter seasons in North America, the axis tilts a commission and less than half of the Northern Hemisphere is in sunlight. The tilting of the Southern Hemisphere relative to the Suns rays progresses in opposite fashion, reversing its seasons relative to those in the Northern Hemisphere. The changing orientation of the Earths axis to the Suns rays determines the length of daylight and the path of the Sun as it passes through the sky at every location on Earth. The continuous change in the angular relationship between the Earths axis and the Suns rays causes the daily length of daylight to vary throughout the year everywhere on Earth except at the equator.At the equator the daily period of daylight is the same day after day. The changing path of the Sun through the sky produces all over the year a cyclical variation in the amounts of solar radiation received that exhibit maximum near the equinoxes and borderline near the solstices. The relatively little variation in the amounts of solar energy received over the year produces seasons quite different from those experienced at higher latitudes. Away from the tropics, the variations in the amounts of solar radiation received over the year increase as latitude increases. The amounts of sunlight received exhibit one token(prenominal) and one maximum in their annual swings. The poles have the greatest range since the Sun is in their skies c ontinuously for six months and then below the horizon for the other half year.All seasonal changes are driven by changes in the amount of the Suns energy reaching the Earths surface (i.e., the amount of insolation). For example, more energy leads to higher temperatures, which results in more evaporation, which produces more rain, which starts plants growing. This sequence describes spring at mid-latitudes. Since visible light is the main form of solar energy reaching Earth, day length is a reasonably accurate way to gauge the level of insolation and has long been used as a way to understand when one season stops and the next one starts.3. Temperature is a number that is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance. If temperature is measured in Kelvin degrees, then this number is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Heat is a measurement of the total energy in a substance. That total energy is made up of not only of the kinet ic energies of the molecules of the substance, but total energy is also made up of the potential energies of the molecules. So, temperature is not energy. It is, though, a number that relates to one type of energy possessed by the molecules of a substance.Because adding heat energy usually results in a temperature rise, people a great deal confuse heat and temperature. In common speech, the two terms mean the same I will heat it means I will add heat I will warm it up means I will increase the temperature. No one usually bothers to distinguish between these. Adding heat, however, does not always increase the temperature. For instance, when water is boiling, adding heat does not increase its temperature. This happens at the boiling temperature of every substance that can vaporize. At the boiling temperature, adding heat energy converts the liquid into a gas without raising the temperature.When energy is added to a liquid at the boiling temperature, its converts the liquid into a gas at the same temperature. In this case, the energy added to the liquid goes into breaking the bonds between the liquid molecules without causing the temperature to change. The same thing happens when a solid changes into liquid. For instance, ice and water can exist unitedly at the melting temperature. Adding heat to ice-water slush will convert some of the ice to water without changing the temperature. In general, whenever there is a change of state, such as the solid-liquid or the liquid-gas transition, heat energy can be added without a temperature change. The change of state requires energy so added energy goes into that instead of increasing the temperature.The Celsius exceed has been calibrated to the physical properties of pure water. It illustrates the significance of water as physical matter in all forms. The normal freezing point of water was castigate as 0 C and the normal boiling point of water was set at 100 C.4. I have picked following atmospheric opthalmic effects to examine and describe.Mirages are optical phenomena produced by refraction of light rays through air layers with large temperature gradients. An inferior mirage (i.e. it appears below its actual position) occurs when the temperature initially decreases speedily with top of the inning. Light rays from the sky moving through the layers will be refracted upward in the less dense air (i.e. bent toward the denser air) giving the appearance of a layer of water. When seen from the ground or water a superior mirage (i.e. it appears above its actual position) occurs when there is a pronounced inversion near the surface, and normally over the sea or a large body of water. A distant object within the inversion layer, even something below the horizon, will appear in the sky above its actual position possibly totally upside down or the upper portion upside down, but certainly misrepresent and wavering.A rainbow is the atmospheric optical phenomenon observed by solar lights creation reflec ted and refracted by the round water drops floating in the air. Because the refraction angle varies in the wavelength of the light, rainbow seems divided into seven colors from inside blue to outer red. The observer will see this concentration of reflected light rays as an intensified sloped light band. This band consists of the first reflection rays from all the raindrops which lie on the surface of a cone, subtended at the observers eye, with an angular radius of 42 from an axis line drawn from the sun (directly behind the observer) through the observers head and extended down-sun to the antisolar point i.e. below the horizon where the shadow of the observers head might be.The Parhelia. When ice crystals are distributed on some condition in the sky, we can observe the lumps of light like the two suns in both sides of real sun. In case that ice crystals are distributing at random, the refracted light of 22 degrees by the solar light forms the 22 degrees halo. But when crystal dist ributed being their bottom plate paralleling to the ground is superior, only refracted solar light on the right and left of the sun 22 degrees apart reaches observer. These refracted lights are detected as the Parhelia. It sometimes seems that some colors are separated like a rainbow.Circumzenithal arc. Refraction through the edges of plate crystals with nearly horizontal bases may produce a circumzenithal arc which is part of a circle, possibly one third, centered directly above the observers head and above the sun, just outside the 46 halo position. The halo may also be visible. The circumzenithal arc cannot occur when the suns elevation exceeds 32.Wave clouds. When air is lofted over a flock range, it cools, saturates and condenses a windward-side cloud. The air surmounting the summit is just about at saturation, sometimes with respect to ice and at other times with respect to water, depending on the temperature and the height of the mountain barrier. Forcing air up over the ove rlying atmosphere causes a spring-like rebound and so the air stream downwind from the mountain barrier often undergoes an undulatory wave-like motion. At the crest of such waves, the airmass is supersaturated and a wave-cloud condenses out.

Greenmail & firing employees Essay

The term is a greenmail is formed by combining the terms greenback and blackmail, invented by journalists and commentators who saw the practices of collective foray intoers as a form of blackmail. The soft touch company is financially held hostage, and is court-orderedly forced to pay the greenmailer to go away. Greenmailing is a variation on the somatic raid or hostile putsch. The greenmailer commonly targets a publicly traded company that is cash rich that often undervalued, with large assets and possibly a solid node base.Other targets are companies that are simply inefficient. The greenmailer isnt really interested in the business of the company. It doesnt want to own the company, improve it, or get along build it up. It will, if forced to acquire the target, sell its parts off piecemeal, which can bring a greater profit than selling the whole target. This is called asset stripping and involves replacing management and firing employees. Greenmail proved lucrative for inv estors such as T. Bo adept Pickens and Sir James Goldsmith during the 1980s.In the latter example, Goldsmith made $90 one million million million from the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company in the 1980s in this manner. Occidental Petroleum paid greenmail to David Murdoch in 1984. However, if a proper greenmail occurs, the greenmailer merely secures a important stake in the target company. The greenmailer can offer to end the threat to the target company by selling its share back at a substantial premium. The target or mark can also go private with the same results a profit to the greenmailer.The greenmailer gets away with no oversight, low overhead, and its profits. The target is left poorer and without the assets that attracted the raid in the beginning. A company which agrees to buy back the bidders stock position avoids being taken over. In return, the bidder agrees to abandon the takeover attempt and may sign a confidential agreement with the greenmailer who will agree not to re sume the maneuver for a period of time. Greenmail is a corporate defense mechanism to buy back shares from shareholders attempting to control the firm.The practice has many critics but it can result to potential windfall for the company by protect company shares from low takeovr bids and gives the firm the opportunity to restructure management. While benefiting the greenmailer, the company loses capital and other assets. This hamstrings its future growth potential. This means the shareholders lose as swell up in addition to impacting the supplier and customers economically linked to the company. Generally the companys existing management may remain in place but the employees usually see their ranks reduced.Courts in states such as Calfornia have favored shareholder lawsuits, based on the contention that greenmailer constituted a breach of fiducial responsibility. Greenmail is arguably counter productive because once such a payment becomes public others may feign a takeover attempt. Greenmail is money paid by a company (or allied company or individual) to acquire its own shares of stock from a shareholder who is threatening to take control of, or thrown-away(prenominal) influence over, the company. In the parlance of the financial community, strategies to prevent a takeover are called a Poison pill.This implies that the corporate raider will let if they try to swallow the target of the takeover. This involves a myriad of arcane changes in the details of corporate ownership structure, investment market rules, and may involve legal requirement in the jurisdiction where the company is incorporated. Individual states may pass protectionist laws that impose limits for launching formal bids, or obligations to seek shareholder approval for the repurchase of its own shares, and in Federal tax treatment of greenmail gains have all made greenmail far less common since the early 1990s.Heckmann et al. v. Ahmanson trial in July 1989. This was one of the final cases invol ving the payment of greenmail. Greenmail is slang for targeted share repurchases transactions in which a company repurchases shares from specific holders, rather than on the open market. In the 1980s, it was not bizarre for companies to pay greenmail to large investors who were challenging corporate management and threatening a takeover of the firm.In this case, Disney had paid a premium price to repurchase shares put in by Saul Steinbergs Reliance Group. Working with attorney Michael Hennigan, I explained to the jury how this could damage Disneys other shareholders and to estimate the amount of the damage. Following my aim examination, as Arthur Liman was standing to begin his cross, the judge decided recess the trial early for the July 4th holiday. During the recess, the case settled. It was the only greenmail case in which plaintiffs received a cash settlement.

E-book and real book Essay

If you compare real deem and e- hand, most of the people like real track record than e- have. Some of them think that saying e-book is harming their eyes or use real book for a decoration to show they are wisdom. Although real book has a certain place in peoples heart, e-book can replace real book in a short time in Hong Kong because e-books pose some advantages that real book did not in the convenience aspect, economic aspect and function of the book. First is the convenience aspect. Will you bring a book when you hang out? Probably you will not and mostly your smart phone will follow you anywhere which mean you can read the e-book in your smart phone anywhere. It is very convenience when you need to read the e-books. How about when you do not need to read the book?Hong Kong is a hardly place with a huge population, not every people have a place to hold a huge number of real books. exactly holding e-book will not cause this kind of problem because you can save a thousand of b ooks in your tiny memory card but not an unwieldy bookcase. Also after you finish read that e-book you can delete it and have the space again which will not cause the milieu problem which you throw a real book On the economic aspect, cut a real book is more expensive than a e-book normally, because publish a real book need to add up the printing fees, the cost of raw materials etcetera which will cause a high vertex cost and the cost will transfer to the customers.But the e-book did not need to add those printing fees, so the cost of the book can be reduce. in the end is the function of the book. For the real book, the main function is to read which is just same as the e-book but actually some people like real book is only because the other functions of the real book to be a decoration which they will buy the books which they will never read and place it on the book shelf forever. I think this is a dishonor to the book and the writer. For the e-book, it does not have that dishon or function and it can have many difference functions. bingle main function is to change the word size or the zoom in function, this function is convenience to the elderly or people with eyes unsoundness which those people can easily to read the book. Another one main function is the interaction function. This function can attract children to read book. Also invigoration and sound can be found in the e-book which is more attractive than the real book which only can include words and pictures. It is not demanding to forecast the future of e-books.

Economic Development Land Tenure Systems

grunge kick upstairs can be defined as the traditional or legal rights which individuals and groups have to acres and the behavior characteristics which like a shot result from these rights. The above definition denotes social relationships manifested in the property rights which individuals and groups have to the demean. Land incumbency is a crucial doer in the operation of countryfied inflict markets, influencing the pace and direction of agricultural development. Since land tenure systems govern access to the means of production in agriculture, they have also been an fiercely governmental subject in rural societies.The first indication of tenure considerations is found among real preliterate or primitive societies. Among these groups the appropriation of land has not anticipate importance in and of itself and the land is viewed as ease in total. But in most societies which have progressed no further than a hunting and seek economy, exclusive claims sometimes are m ade on certain parcels of land.Since colonial times, the dominant belief has been that individual tenure is more progressive, modern, efficient, and better for economic exploitation than indigenous communal tenure. The arguments in favor of labeling claimed that customary tenure is insecure for the small bring uper and provides no incentive for land improvements, that it prevents land from being apply as collateral for credit and that it prevents the transfer of land from inefficient users to efficient ones. They expected that indigenous customary tenure would wither, but it has proved surprisingly merry and adaptable, and has coexisted with modern tenure. The most effective form of policy intervention would be governmental guidance, so that customary tenure systems evolve and operate more effectively.Some studies bespeak that tenure insecurity is correlated negatively with the quality of resource management. Over usage and degradation of natural resources, such as deforestatio n and soil erosion, are often characterized because of incomplete, inconsistent property rights, as the costs are borne by society as a whole, whereas benefits accrue to individuals. The relationship between customary tenure and land degradation indicates that customary tenure is partly responsible for land degradation. However the behavior that leads to land degradation by smallholder farmers under customary tenure cannot be linked to their lack of tenure security under customary tenure. Rather it is linked to other reasons such as lack of knowledge of conservation practices, use of traditional agricultural production practices that are not sustainable, and lack of inputs such as labor. In this regard, small farmers need extension methods that focus on relevant technologies that promote sustainable agricultural production. (Lynn Smith, 1953)The concept of land reform is itself a controversial and semantically intriguing topic. Its narrowest and traditional meaning confines it to l and distribution. A broader view includes in it other related changes in agricultural institutions, such as credit, taxation, rents, cooperatives, etc. It can also be interperated that these reforms are a good deal synonymous with all agricultural improvement measures better seeds, price policies, irrigation, research, mechanization, etc.The Land Tenure reforms to be found in any country appear to a great extent to be the function of government. They are closely related to the social and economic well-being of the people. The latter fact sets the stage for the discussion in this chapter. Its concern is the major forms or systems of land tenure and the distinct patterns of social and economic relationships characteristic of each. By way of illustration they point out, among other examples, that individuality and individual initiative are usually more developed in a association of individual farm-owners on small holdings than in a community where one or a fewer men own all the la nd and the workers are serfs, laborers, or non-managing tenants of one kind or another.The extent to which the self-possession and control of the land is concentrated in a few hands or widely distributed among those who live from farming is probably the most important unmarried determinant of the welfare of the people on the land. Throughout the world wherever there is a widespread distribution of land ownership and control.The implication of intense pressure of farm population on agricultural land inevitably results in a farm-tenure situation that is unsatisfactory from the point of view of working farm people. This is so because pressure of population on land drives down the marginal productivity of labor and the real return to labor as a factor of production. If farm land-tenure reforms are not accompanied by policies to reduce excessive pressure of farm population on agricultural land, such reforms are belike to be of little or no avail. Fortunately, the two recent programs t o assist depressed rural playing fields to some degree reflect an awareness of this principle.The term that is staple to land tenure theory and which helps to explain the usefulness of the interdisciplinary approach is distribution. According to economic theory, laying aside all qualifying statements for the sake of simplicity, the indifferent market distributes economic rewards according to merit. However, is too narrow a concept to explain fully the distribution principle even in a free market. (Alvin L. Bertrand, Floyd L. Corty 1962)The reform or liberal position on the land question thus far had been to make the public-land system function in a elected way by assuring the small man the right to acquire a piece of the national domain. Limitations were put in the Preemption, the Graduation, the Homestead Acts and their variations to make certain that only the small man could take advantage of them until the issue of the patent, but beyond that they had no effect. All such mea sures were therefore used by sizable interests acting through fake buyers to acquire lands they could not legally acquire otherwise.Timber land in Wisconsin, Minnesota, California, and Washington, grazing lands in Colorado, Wyoming, Arizona, and Idaho, wheat lands in Kansas, Nebraska, North and southwestward Dakota passed into the hands of great lumber companies, cattle companies, and bonanza farm groups under laws that were designed to prevent large-scale accumulation. The unwillingness of Congress to experiment with fastenions on lunacy made inevitable the concentration of ownership which grieved western agrarians. (Alvin L. Bertrand, Floyd L. Corty, 1962)Evans, Greeley, George, and other totals had failed to carry the mass of land reformers with them on the question of alienability. Americans found it easy to be radical or to favor reform when to do so did not impose any self limitation, but few were attracted to any idea that might restrict their right to accumulate propert y or to sell and gain the unearned increment.The reforms which were being adopted at this late time were both ineffective and to some extent unwise. Since the desirable size for land-use units was increasing as population moved into the arid and semi-arid regions, the 320 acre limitation on the amount of government land persons could acquire compelled every evasion and abuse of the laws to acquire adequately sized units or the establishment of small grain farms in areas unsuited to cultivation. This pattern of evasion and abuse of the land laws and the establishment of small grain farms in areas better planned by nature for grazing carried well into the twentieth century. Not until 1934 were comprehensive and far-reaching reforms initiated to heighten a desirable and constructive plan of land use.The preponderant, almost the universal view of Americans until near the end of the nineteenth century was that the government should get out of the land business as rapidly as possible by selling or giving to settlers, donating for worthy purposes and ceding the lands to the states which should in turn pass them swiftly into private hands. No matter how badly owners abused their holdings through reckless cultivation, destructive and wasteful cutting of the timber, prodigal and careless mining for coal and drilling for oil, few questioned their right to subject their property to any form of use or abuse.An extensive part of the fertile coastal plain and piedmont of the South and of the hill-farming area of the northeast could be cultivated in such a way as to reduce the land to barren, gullied, and eroded tracts no longer able to produce crops, to support families, and to carry their share of community costs, but few denied the right of the owners to do as they wished with their property or, more fundamentally, questioned the system of land distribution that seemed to find such practices.The shore line of the Atlantic, of bays and inlets, of inland lakes all near co ngested urban areas could be monopolized by a wealthy few, and still there were few complaints. Rich landlords, speculators, and corporations could buy unlimited amounts of land from the United States, or purchase from other owners who had acquired tracts from the state or federal government and keep their holdings from development for years, thereby blighting whole areas, delaying the introduction of schools and roads and doing immeasurable harm to neighboring residents.ReferencesAlvin L. Bertrand, Floyd L. Corty (1962) Rural Land Tenure in the United States A Socio-Economic Approach to Problems, Programs, and Trends. Southwest Land Tenure Research Committee Louisiana State University Press. Place of Publication Baton RougeAlvin L. Bertrand, The Social System as a Conceptual and Analytical gismo in the Study ofLand Tenure, Land Tenure Workshop Report, Chap. VII.Lynn Smith, The Sociology of Rural Life (3d ed. New York Harper & Bros., 1953), 274.Rawls John ( 1971) The Theory of Jus tice. Belknap Press.Rawls J (2001) Justice as legality A Restatement. Cambridge Harvard University Press.Roth Michael 2002) Integrating Land Issues and Land Policy with Poverty Reduction andRoland R. Renne, Land Economics ( New York Harper & Bros., 1947), 429.William H. Nicholls, Southern Traditions and Regional Economic Progress, SouthernEconomic Journal, Vol. 26 ( January, 1960), 187-98 id., Southern Traditions and Regional Economic Progress ( Chapel Hill, N. C. University of North Carolina Press, 1960).

Differences in Religion During the Era of Slavery

In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass writes ab disclose his experiences being a striver. Intermixed in these experiences are two distinct occurrenceions the religion of the master, and the religion of the slave. The slave masters and their families were often seen at perform on Sunday, and and then seen vanquish and mistreating their slaves on Monday. The slaves often professed to be Christians, only if that did non stop them from stealing, lying, and scheming against their owners. piety played a mighty part in the struggles surrounded by the slave and his owner, and this paper hopes to show the extent of those struggles through Douglass eyes.Most of the slaves brought from Africa had pagan beliefs that they kept alive disrespect the fact they were no longer in their own country. While some slaves were taught of Christianity by their owners and owners wives, m both still held to the beliefs that they had learned as children. Douglass was one of the group that was taught Christianity, but that did not always stop him from leaning on some of the obsolete pagan practices that the other slaves followed. For example, a fellow slave, Sandy Jenkins, had a root that he swore would keep a slave from being whipped by their master (Douglass, 53).The root had to be carried only on the right side of the body, and it would give protection to the individual who carried it for as long as it was carried (Douglass, 53). Douglass had a need for a trinket like this when he ran away from his master, Mr. lot. brood had severely complicateen Douglass, and Douglass had managed to get to an old masters house in hopes of help (Douglass, 52). When he did not receive any, he hid in the woods for a while (Douglass, 53). He was lining either a beating from Covey or starvation in the woods when Jenkins came upon him (Douglass, 53).Jenkins free wife had a home of her own, so he took Douglass thither and gave him the root (Douglass, 53) . Sure enough, when D ouglass went home, Mr. Covey did not offer to beat him (Douglass, 53). In fact, the next day Douglass had an altercation with Covey and Hughes, his helper (Douglass, 54). Douglass beat both of them so badly that they never wanted to lay hold of him again (Douglass, 54). They never did, either. Douglass relates that he spent four more years as a slave, and he was never beaten again (Douglass, 54).Now, the question might be, did the root re completelyy have any effect on Douglasss safety? If it did, how could Douglass profess to be a Christian, and still believe that a root of some kind was going to keep him safe? thither are two answers to those questions, both provided by Douglass. Douglass expressed his doubts to Jenkins about the root from the very mention of it (Douglass, 53). The only reason that he took it was because Jenkins convinced him that while it might not help matters, it certainly could not hurt them (Douglass, 53).It appears as though Jenkins was right, but one has to think about the day that Douglass came home, Sunday (Douglass, 53). Mr. Covey also professed to be a Christian, and while beating a slave for everyone to see might be acceptable on other days, it was simply not done on Sunday (Douglass, 53). Proof of this fact can be derived by Coveys actions on Monday. He came to Douglass and attempted to tie him up for a beating, but Douglass bested him (Douglass, 53). Although the root seemed to help on Sunday, it was not going to help on Monday, except for one thing.The root evidently gave Douglass the courage that he needed to be able to fight Covey and Hughes. One could argue that the root did have some saving power, but it seems much more likely that having that talisman do Douglass believe that he could fight. There really was no reason why he could not. He was more than capable of fighting a middle aged man. If nothing else, the root made him brave. What Douglass truly thought about the root came out a few years later when Douglass found himself working for the same slave owner as Sandy Jenkins (Douglass, 59).While not in the dialogue itself, Douglass made a footnote that expressed his real feelings. He noted that while Jenkins was totally convinced that Douglass overcame Covey with the help of the root, Douglass held that idea up as a simple superstition common to ignorant slaves (Douglass, 59). So, perhaps at that place never really was an issue between Douglass choosing to be a Christian while carrying a pagan object. We crawl in, though, the root must have helped at least a little bit. Did Douglass believe in it the moment he stood up to Covey? We will never know.However, this whole episode is representative of what a lot of slaves encountered. They became Christian by choice or by force, but there were always the old pagan beliefs in the back of their mind, the beliefs that they had carried from their home. No wonder, then, that black Christianity was so markedly different than white Christianity. In Douglas ss life story, he made it clearly known that he advocated slaves doing what they had to do to survive on the plantations and uttermostms of their owners (Douglass, 81). However, some of these things went against the most basic teachings of Christianity.Slaves were often labored to steal, lie, and carry out all tokens of schemes to stay alive, fed, and unbeaten. Certainly, no one would claim that all slaves were Christians. The story of the root, as explained above, should be clear proof of that. Not all slave owners were Christians, so there would be no need to expect that they would teach, or force, their slaves to believe what they did not. However, this question is more about Douglass himself than any other slave. How could he condone the unscrupulous actions of any slave, and still be a Christian himself?The answer is fairly simple. Douglass made a distinction in events of Christianity. He saw the Christianity practiced in the slaveholding portion of the United States as a corruption of the Christianity of Christ (Douglass, 81). He went so far as to say that to be a friend of the one, is of necessity to be the enemy of the other (Douglass, 81). From this comment, we can see that Douglass did not have problems with what slaves had to do to stay alive or die hard because he could not in good faith recognize the Christianity of his captors as true Christianity.In truth, why would he have any reason to do so? Douglass related many experiences in his life that had been touched by the slave holders brand of Christianity. He endeavored to start a Sunday School for his fellow slaves, and it was gloomy up by the Christian slave owners because the slaves were learning to read and write (Douglass, 59). His grandmother was sent off to live and die by herself when she was old and of no use to her owner, and all because her former owner, a Christian, had not bothered to release her upon his death (Douglass, 39-41).He saw women beaten unmercifully, and felt the sc ars and sores left by the repeated abomination (Douglass, 33). He was separated from his own mother as a small child, and allowed to see her only four or five times in his life, and then only at night because her owner would not give her a pass to be late to the fields (Douglass, 13-14). After everything he went through, how could he not portion out the Christianity of most of the white men he encountered to be a false, ugly thing?Simply put, Douglass could advocate the non-Christian behavior of the slaves because they were working against a enceinte evil, in his opinion. The battle was not between two groups that believed the same way. It was between two groups that were at desperate odds with each other. Neither one had any respect or kind thoughts for each other, so it might as well have been two completely different religions instead of one. Douglass could see that difference, so he could not be bothered to chide his fellow man for disobeying their masters.In his mind, it was the right thing to do. Douglass mentions in his narrative that he considered being a slave to a religious owner one of the worst things that could ever happen to him (Douglass, 57). It has been fully discussed why Douglass did not see slave owners as having the same type of Christianity he did, but in some instances, such as when he left Mr. Covey and went to work for Mr. Freeland, he claimed that slave owners who were not religious were far and above the best kind to work for (Douglass, 57).We may ask the question, why were religious slave owners so much worse than non-religious ones? To help us reckon this situation, Douglass gives several examples of the atrocities committed by religious owners, and the reasons given for their abhorrent behavior. A Reverend Daniel Weeden and Reverend Rigby Hopkins, both Methodist preachers, lived near Douglass while he worked for Mr. Freeland (Douglass, 57). Rev. Weeden beat his slaves unmercifully. Douglass recalled seeing a woman who was bea ten so badly and so often that her back was raw for weeks on end (Douglass, 57).Weedens motto was turn out well or behave ill, it is the duty of a master to occasionally whip a slave, to remind him of his masters authority (Douglass, 57). Douglass deemed people of this type to be cruel and cowardly (Douglass, 57). Perhaps they were cruel by nature, and cowardly because they hid behind their religion and used it to excuse what they did to innocent people. The Rev. Hopkins would whip slaves in circulate of deserving it (Douglass, 58). The smallest things, such as a look of dissatisfaction, would mean that a slave had the Devil in him, and it must be whipped out (Douglass, 58).Beatings were given for equipment malfunctions, such as a plow breaking, not taking off a hat in the presence of a white person, and even suggesting an easier way of doing a task (Douglass, 58). All this was supposed to mean that the slave was getting high minded and deserved punishment (Douglass, 58). Despite the cruel actions of this man, Douglass noted that there was no one who made higher professions of religion, or was more active in revivals or prayed earlier, faster, and longer than this reverend slave driver, Rigby Hopkins (Douglass, 58). On the other hand, Mr.Freeland did not consider himself to be religious (Douglass, 57). He gave his slaves and hired men plenty to eat, plenty of time in which to eat it, good tools to work with, and made sure that there were enough people to work his land (Douglass, 58). It is not mentioned one time that he beat his slaves. What could all this mean? One would naturally think that Christian people would be kinder to their slaves than non-Christians, but this was evidently not the case. One reason this could be is that the Christian slave owners were trying, as said before, to beat the Devil out of their slaves (Douglass, 58).As per the discussion of the root earlier, it is no surprise that most slaves were members of some pagan, tribal religion. Some denominations felt that it was better to expose their slaves to God instead of removing their suffering in this world (Thevarajah,1). Some owners thought that Christian slaves might be better than pagan slaves, presumably because they would be more obedient and better behaved (Thevarajah, 1). As we know from Douglass, this was not often the case. We can know for certain that the cruelty exuded by Christians on their slaves was not unique to Douglasss situation.In fact, it was quite common. Looking at some other recollection of servitude, this time from a female perspective, Our Nig Or Sketches From the Life of a Free Black, by Harriet Wilson, expresses the same ideas of suffering under the hand of a Christian family. In Chapter Eight of this touching criminal record, the main character, known mostly as Nig, gets a chance to go out to church meetings and embraces Christianity. However, all the woman she kit and caboodle for can worry about is that Nig will wish to go to churc h and to meetings on Sunday, making her unavailable for work (Wilson, Chapter 8).When the woman is questioned about her attitude, since she is a Christian herself and goes to church, she states, Who ever thought of having a nigger go, except to drive others there? (Wilson, Chapter 8). Here, perhaps, we find the truth of the matter. Some Christians believed that it was acceptable to make their slaves into Christians, but these Christians would always be inferior, and perhaps more prone to punishment because of the high standards their owners held them up to. Perhaps it is not so much a question of cruelty, but one of ignorance.In a sickeningly perverted way, perhaps some of the brutal slave owners felt that they were doing the right thing by beating their slaves straight. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is a book that really opens ones eyes to the warping of religious ideas in the light of the era of slavery. There were pagan rituals going on side by side with church se rvices, and Christians who thought it best to be cruel in order to transfer their belief system to the people that they owned.As Douglass noted, there were two kinds of Christianity in the world at that time, they Christianity of slavery and the Christianity of Christ. Hopefully some of those who suffered under cruel masters in the name of salvation were later able to find the true way for themselves. Unfortunately, there are many who never survived to make their own decisions. This is the shame of the slavery era, especially for those who died in the process of their salvation.

Red Bull

Could It position the production in other(a) meanss? The product of release bull was score-up to grocery store within verve drinks, the notions of foodstuff class, patsying and arrangement be key to the success of firms selling efforts has concentrated on march oning relationship establish on partnerships with sporting events and Iconic athletes . The brand customers atomic number 18 around athletes , teenagers, students, drivers, clubbers, offspring business great deal and farmers.The selling strategies burn position the red bull in other focusings, it was sponsored extreme sports events before, such as traditionalistic television set merchandiseing program, radio r sodium carbonate stars advertising, event market in sports and competition, organized human race lecture, send the sample to the sports company with free cases of its strength drink and encouraged them to throw a party. 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Also, rubor grunter can be created a new pure tone which is cocktail prefer and can be subroutined as a really nice mixer with alcohol. It is very satisfactory for the people who love going to party or clubbing. blushful cook can be created a new product which not only for nil drinks. It could be a food like a power bar or candy. They can practice a Word of mouth outline. fierce grunterQ1. How pass on you measure up reddened slovenly persons overall orbiculate marketing strategy? scarlet tinkers damn has built an image as a trendy nix drink, ply to issue adults and young professionals between the age groups of (16-29) years. It in addition targets young club-goers and private parties in align to library paste its picture as a stylish drink. It likewise believes that it is not just selling a beverage, exactly instead it is selling a way of life. Red pig bed also uses a dodgy motto as Red dogshit gives you wings. These non traditional marketing strategies of Red shit are not unique to any market. The term G topical anesthetic means to market orbicularly, yet tailor the heart and soul to court to topical anaesthetic tastes.Red dirt does not follow a G topical anaesthetic merchandiseing Strategy, as it does not extrapolate the marketing techniques to any particular country. In all the markets, they cater to the same crowd and use the same determine, scattering and advertising methods. Red bell ringer only offers its product in one size of it (250ml) cans, and design all over the ground. Businesses that use ball-shaped marketing embark on the same product, same marketing techniques and even the same brand names and packaging in all markets.Red falsify believes in marketing its product with one brand image all over the world. Hence, I can characterize Red diddlysquats overall marketing strategy as Global. In addition, Red mother fucker does not use local marketing strategies as they do not adapt to local considerations. Example Red motherfucker offers only two varieties in all the countries irr espective of the local fill or taste for a new variant. It also uses the same marketing campaigns of buzz marketing or line in all the countries, irrespective of the nature of market in a particular country.Q.2 contend for the nigh relevant segmentation criteria to be use in the international Marketing Selection process. The International Market Selection Process is a very complex process of foreign market test that considers many a(prenominal) factors. For a product like Red Bull, the size and per capita income of its target market is the most chief(prenominal) criteria used in International Market Selection. Red Bulls target market is young adults and young professional (aged 16-22). If the reckon of people in this age group form a elflike break up of the countrys overall population, then entering such a market would be savage and not pro scoreable enough.Red Bull has built a brand image of a modern vigour drink and hence it can be successful only in markets that g o for a large number of young people. Red bull has dominated the energy market for a tenner now. Its popularity and stylish design has allowed it to be charged at a premium price. Red Bull is a stylish and vibrant energy drink that is priced at least five times high than the unexceptional soft drink.Red Bull strongly believes that it offers its consumers something more than a beverage it believes that it offers them a way of life. It translates its consumers with energy and related brainpower to make the most of their time. Due to all of the above reasons, Red Bull can unfold to price itself at such a high price. Therefore, it is heavy that Red Bull chooses those markets where the people have the financial capacity to purchase their productQ3. Which changes would you suggest for Red Bulls future global marketing mix, in baffle to meet the future challenges? After seeing the success that Red Bull has got in the energy drinks market, new brands are entering this market. Hence, it is essential for Red Bull to make received changes in its marketing, production and distribution strategies. Red Bull offers only one product with two sapidity varieties. The new age consumers want variety hence Red Bull should launch a new flavor depending on local taste.Also, Red Bull currently offers only one packaging size, it can make 1 litre Red Bull bottles that will be beneficial for the Clubs owners in hurt of earthy Material costs and Red Bull in terms of Manufacturing costs. Red Bulls pricing strategy has been beneficial to the company however, they should lower their prices a little in pasture to solve more consumers in certain markets. The marketing strategies of Red Bull are highly global. They do not fake their strategies according to local considerations. In order to gain an edge in this competitive global market it is essential for Red Bull to start taking local demands and tastes into consideration.Red Bulls distribution strategy targets small retailers and distributors that spread the brand name through word of mouth to local consumers. They also use college students to help distribute the product. One thing that they can do in order to improve their product placement is start Red Bull kiosks. This can also act as a marketing tool. Red Bull uses non- traditional and out of the promotion techniques. They spend 30% of their tax revenue on marketing and promotion. I believe that their unique marketing techniques have worked for them and they should continue with them even in the future.Q.4 Red Bull is for sale in large cities in India across super markets, restaurants and bars. Evaluate the opportunities for market magnification in India. Red Bull has already targeted the right market in India i.e. young adults and professionals. Hence, in order to exsert in India Red Bull needs to find new ways of attracting this crowd. Red Bull is priced at a high rate, youngsters get a fixed budget every calendar month and cannot afford to spe nd so much regularly on an energy drink. Hence, Red Bull should be do available in college cafeterias at subsidized rates.In addition, Red Bull should be do available at call centers and night offices as a more energetic substitute to coffee. Red Bull contains less amount of caffeine than the amount of caffeine in a coffee cup. This breeding can be used to promote Red Bull over coffee. India has a large number of cheaper substitutes of energy drinks, therefore in order to tap the huge market share of India it is advisable that Red Bull reduce its prices for the Indian Market. Another strategy that Red Bull can use to expand in the Indian Market is to carter to the larger number of truck drivers that India has.Red Bull originally cartered to provide energy to truck drivers. It can start following the same strategy in order to increase its consumer unspiritual in India. It can start by making Red Bull available at lane dhabbas, and shops. However, in order to carter to the truck drivers Red Bull would need to slash its prices, until that is done this strategy will not work. Thus by following the above mentioned ways Red Bull can build a stronger and larger consumer base in India.Red BullCould It position the product in other ways? The product of red bull was set-up to market within energy drinks, the notions of market segmentation, targeting and positioning are key to the success of firms marketing efforts has concentrated on building relationship based on partnerships with sporting events and Iconic athletes . The target customers are around athletes , teenagers, students, drivers, clubbers, young business people and farmers.The marketing strategies can position the red bull in other ways, it was sponsored extreme sports events before, such as traditional television marketing program, radio r pop stars advertising, event marketing in sports and competition, organized public lecture, sent the sample to the sports company with free cases of its energy drink and encouraged them to throw a party. We also have lots of promotion to popularize this can be changed values and needs of each target consumer.The lovely packages can be attracted the female customers. Besides, it can be promoted some limited edition of packages for different cities. Such as, it can be found celebrity endorsement and designed the packages with the photos of celebrities which can increase the sales. Red Bull can be created a new line which has extra caffeine. The new products can provide people more powerful than the original version and the cans can be increased the capacity from mall to mall with the same price. This new version of extra caffeine can be promoted to the long-time workers.Red Bull improves performance, especially during times of increased stress or strain, increases concentration and improves reaction speed and stimulates metabolism. Also, Red Bull can be created a new flavor which is cocktail favor and can be used as a very nice mixer with alcohol. It is very convenient for the people who love going to party or clubbing. Red Bull can be created a new product which not only for energy drinks. It could be a food like a power bar or candy. They can use a Word of mouth strategy.Red BullQ1. How will you characterize Red Bulls overall global marketing strategy? Red Bull has built an image as a trendy energy drink, catering to young adults and young professionals between the age groups of (16-29) years. It also targets young club-goers and private parties in order to spread its picture as a stylish drink. It also believes that it is not just selling a beverage, but instead it is selling a way of life. Red Bull also uses a catchy slogan as Red Bull gives you wings. These non traditional marketing strategies of Red Bull are not unique to any market. The term Glocal means to market globally, yet tailor the message to appeal to local tastes.Red Bull does not follow a Glocal Marketing Strategy, as it does not alter the marketing techniqu es to any particular country. In all the markets, they cater to the same crowd and use the same pricing, distribution and advertising methods. Red Bull only offers its product in one size (250ml) cans, and design all over the world. Businesses that use global marketing embark on the same product, same marketing techniques and even the same brand names and packaging in all markets.Red Bull believes in marketing its product with one brand image all over the world. Hence, I can characterize Red Bulls overall marketing strategy as Global. In addition, Red Bull does not use local marketing strategies as they do not conform to local considerations. Example Red Bull offers only two varieties in all the countries irrespective of the local demand or taste for a new variant. It also uses the same marketing campaigns of buzz marketing or word-of-mouth in all the countries, irrespective of the nature of market in a particular country.Q.2 Argue for the most relevant segmentation criteria to be u sed in the International Marketing Selection process. The International Market Selection Process is a very complex process of foreign market screening that considers many factors. For a product like Red Bull, the size and per capita income of its target market is the most important criteria used in International Market Selection. Red Bulls target market is young adults and young professional (aged 16-22). If the number of people in this age group form a small fragment of the countrys overall population, then entering such a market would be risky and not profitable enough.Red Bull has built a brand image of a youthful energy drink and hence it can be successful only in markets that have a large number of young people. Red bull has dominated the energy market for a decade now. Its popularity and stylish design has allowed it to be charged at a premium price. Red Bull is a stylish and vibrant energy drink that is priced at least five times higher than the ordinary soft drink.Red Bull strongly believes that it offers its consumers something more than a beverage it believes that it offers them a way of life. It provides its consumers with energy and related brainpower to make the most of their time. Due to all of the above reasons, Red Bull can afford to price itself at such a high price. Therefore, it is important that Red Bull chooses those markets where the people have the financial capacity to purchase their productQ3. Which changes would you suggest for Red Bulls future global marketing mix, in order to meet the future challenges? After seeing the success that Red Bull has got in the energy drinks market, new brands are entering this market. Hence, it is essential for Red Bull to make certain changes in its marketing, production and distribution strategies. Red Bull offers only one product with two flavor varieties. The new age consumers want variety hence Red Bull should launch a new flavor depending on local taste.Also, Red Bull currently offers only one pa ckaging size, it can introduce 1 litre Red Bull bottles that will be beneficial for the Clubs owners in terms of Raw Material costs and Red Bull in terms of Manufacturing costs. Red Bulls pricing strategy has been beneficial to the company however, they should lower their prices a little in order to gain more consumers in certain markets. The marketing strategies of Red Bull are highly global. They do not alter their strategies according to local considerations. In order to gain an edge in this competitive global market it is essential for Red Bull to start taking local demands and tastes into consideration.Red Bulls distribution strategy targets small retailers and distributors that spread the brand name through word of mouth to local consumers. They also use college students to help distribute the product. One thing that they can do in order to improve their product placement is start Red Bull kiosks. This can also act as a marketing tool. Red Bull uses non- traditional and out of the promotion techniques. They spend 30% of their revenue on marketing and promotion. I believe that their unique marketing techniques have worked for them and they should continue with them even in the future.Q.4 Red Bull is available in large cities in India across super markets, restaurants and bars. Evaluate the opportunities for market expansion in India. Red Bull has already targeted the right market in India i.e. young adults and professionals. Hence, in order to expand in India Red Bull needs to find new ways of attracting this crowd. Red Bull is priced at a high rate, youngsters get a fixed budget every month and cannot afford to spend so much regularly on an energy drink. Hence, Red Bull should be made available in college cafeterias at subsidized rates.In addition, Red Bull should be made available at call centers and night offices as a more energetic substitute to coffee. Red Bull contains less amount of caffeine than the amount of caffeine in a coffee cup. This informa tion can be used to promote Red Bull over coffee. India has a large number of cheaper substitutes of energy drinks, therefore in order to tap the huge market share of India it is advisable that Red Bull reduce its prices for the Indian Market. Another strategy that Red Bull can use to expand in the Indian Market is to carter to the larger number of truck drivers that India has.Red Bull originally cartered to provide energy to truck drivers. It can start following the same strategy in order to increase its consumer base in India. It can start by making Red Bull available at highway dhabbas, and shops. However, in order to carter to the truck drivers Red Bull would need to slash its prices, until that is done this strategy will not work. Thus by following the above mentioned ways Red Bull can build a stronger and larger consumer base in India.Red BullTarget market Red Bull was one of the first Energy Drink. It gave energy to people who want to be physically and mentally fit from 1982. As the company reported, in 2011 red bull had sold 4. 631 billion cans over the world with 11. 4 per cent increase of 2011. In selling, profits and productivity the data illustrated were the highest one of the company. (www. redbull. com) Moreover, as figure1 illustrated, Red Bull is the most popular energy drink brand all over the world from 2006 to 2012. Clearly target market is one of the most significant reasons for the Red Bulls success.As the companys slogan says, Red Bull gives you wings. Red Bull gave wings from the beginning and spread its wings right away over the world. Until 2011, Red Bull was available in 164 countries. (www. redbull. com) Therefore, it is not necessary for Red Bull to set segmentations by geographic or geodemograhic. Besides, Red Bull is improved for people to create a all the way mind, dynamic performance and an diligent lifestyle. In other words, Red Bull helps people to be active physically and psychologically and have a zest life.Therefore it i s also not useful for Red Bull to set segmentation by profile or psychographic. Red Bull is a drink to cater energy and increase endurance which could struggle for the physical or mental tired. It helps people to meet the challenges of nonchalant life such as work, drive, study and sports. (www. redbull. com) According to the text book, the definition of behavioural segmentation is the segmentation which slices consumers on the basis of how they act towards, feel about or use a product. Solomon, et al,2009) Consequently, the best way for Red Bull to set the target market is behavioral segmentation. Red Bull becomes increasingly important in peoples lives when they are working, studying, doing sports and driving. Workers and students are the most significant parts of Red Bulls target market. Red Bull can make students and workers mind clearly. For students all over the world the Red Bull is as important as the pencils and paper. It makes students concentrate and perform well. And i t provides students enough energy to the untenanted time as well.It is essential for someone who works hard and pursues better performance. Sport is Red Bulls main point. Red Bull supports about 500 professional athletes over the world. It makes sportsman physically and mentally fit. Red Bull provides the athletes a convenient way to improve their endurance, concentration and speed. (www. redbull. com) Drivers are the other large parts of the target market. According to the research from psychopharmacologist Dr. Joris Verster and his colleagues of Utrecht University, Red Bull can reduce driver sleepiness and improve driving performance. Joris Verster, 2010) Red Bull enhances concentration, reaction speed and vigilance. Red Bull also focuses on the customer who plays video games, goes out day and night. In short, the target market of Red Bull is the customer who needs more energy physically and mentally. Figure1 Top Selling Energy Drink Brands 2006-2012 (Bevnet, 2012) name Bevnet, 2012, Top Selling Energy Drink Brands 2006-2012, http//www. energyfiend. com/the-15-top-energy-drink-brands marketing management. Red Bull, , www. redbull. com Joris Verster, SAFE DRIVING STUDY, portal at Springerlink. com.Red BullCould It position the product in other ways? The product of red bull was set-up to market within energy drinks, the notions of market segmentation, targeting and positioning are key to the success of firms marketing efforts has concentrated on building relationship based on partnerships with sporting events and Iconic athletes . The target customers are around athletes , teenagers, students, drivers, clubbers, young business people and farmers.The marketing strategies can position the red bull in other ways, it was sponsored extreme sports events before, such as traditional television marketing program, radio r pop stars advertising, event marketing in sports and competition, organized public lecture, sent the sample to the sports company with free case s of its energy drink and encouraged them to throw a party. We also have lots of promotion to popularize this can be changed values and needs of each target consumer.The lovely packages can be attracted the female customers. Besides, it can be promoted some limited edition of packages for different cities. Such as, it can be found celebrity endorsement and designed the packages with the photos of celebrities which can increase the sales. Red Bull can be created a new line which has extra caffeine. The new products can provide people more powerful than the original version and the cans can be increased the capacity from mall to mall with the same price. This new version of extra caffeine can be promoted to the long-time workers.Red Bull improves performance, especially during times of increased stress or strain, increases concentration and improves reaction speed and stimulates metabolism. Also, Red Bull can be created a new flavor which is cocktail favor and can be used as a very ni ce mixer with alcohol. It is very convenient for the people who love going to party or clubbing. Red Bull can be created a new product which not only for energy drinks. It could be a food like a power bar or candy. They can use a Word of mouth strategy.