History of English Language Essay

face talking to, like many a(prenominal) elements in the history, has gone many trans general anatomyations for nothing is permanent in this world. There be many contri only whene factors that played in its development as what it is now including different influences brought to it by merging of purifications and nightimes war. side of meat terminology in like manner differs depending on the culture of ones country, since not only one country is development this as their official lecture but many of them and, each has gone some modification that represents their culture.In this global period, position phraseology is considered as the worlds official language through which, both countries are united heading towards future economic progress and putting green cause of all citizenry in the whole world. Through this also, war is avoided, common goals are set for the good of all, and poor countries are interpreted into figure by inter farmingal organization. slope lan guage wherefore as wide accepted fact, is the lingua franca of the world and the language of economics. face language, since it is replacing other previously dominant languages of the world such(prenominal) as French and Spanish, is taught in almost schools in all countries from Pre-elementary courses to college courses. Through this emerging trend, many students from blotto countries avail themselves of western education which they consider as an advantage in their career. some(prenominal) would tear down take face lessons in other countries to wear fluency and competency.The reason behind is that, side is the only means to give with all the state of the world wher ever you are or what ever country you may be. Thus, international communication is now possible irrespective of which country you do it from as long as you know even just the basic and as their languages unite their understanding of their culture is strengthened. ontogeny of octogenarian face Language Old p osition language had been authentic through many components with its origin from the history.Although, many historians believed and developed the hypothesis that English language and other languages in many parts of Europe were same because of evidences of similarities of many words. Aside from that, it was also believed that Sanskrit, the old language of India which was much sr. than Greek or German, had preserved common features with that of Old English language (Baugh & Cable, p. 18). It is easy therefore to presume that English is a by-product of the development of many languages in Europe which had only one origin.The arrival of Celts in Britain English language was cognize as the language of English people, however, it was not the language utter by earliest settlers of the lands historians believed that many races had come and their languages were not cognize and playscripted in the history until the arrival of the Celts which had the take after of Old English lan guage, and began the history of its development. The Celts were bronze and iron-age inhabitants and when they reached Britain they pushed the earlier settlers into the remote corners of the nation through their mighty weapons.According to history, they arrived around 500 BC with language known for being the first Indo-European tongue to be spoken in Britain. Celts and Celtic language as they say had very miniscule contribution in the Old English, as they tried to trace some of those words. However, scholars believed that they influenced the grammatical structure of the language (Baugh & Cable, p. 82-83). At this far-flung advancement of English, many of those languages are no longer traced though, it is believed to be the first among the contributors of the English language development, however, its influence is no longer recognized today.Anglo-Saxon Settlements In the offshoot, Old English was an assortment of group of dialect languages, reflecting the diverse beginning of t he Anglo-Saxon major powerdoms of England. Anglo-Saxon was a group of different races with the Germanic people as the dominant among them who arrived in Britain during the 5th and 6th AD upon the invitation of the King of Briton to help them against romish invaders. This group had acquired influences of the Latin culture including language that after the collapse of Roman Empire in their country arrived in Britain to find resoluteness also.According to Barbara finocchiol, there was no written record about language use in Britain before the Anglo-Saxon trespass (Fennell, p. 55). There were indications that England was inhabited for thousands of years prior to Anglo-Saxon invasion, with its known early inhabitants as the Celts or Scotts. The Romans did not have much linguistic contribution on the linguistics development, but the collapsed of the Empire paved the way for the elimination of Anglo-Saxon. The native Britons were either pushed into isolated and farthest areas or they adapted the Anglo-Saxons way of life.The Angli was actually a Germanic tribe which has been in Britain a couple of centuries prior to Roman invasion. These Anglo-Saxon spoke Germanic dialect which had some similarities with the original settlers, the Celts which eventually blended with them. Thus, Germanic tribes began arriving and remittal in Kent. Not long when the Germans formed a domain known in history as the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy. As these German tribes struggled for superiority, Kent, the briny settlement, emerged as the dominating tribe which claimed sovereignty over all the kingdoms of the South.Barbara Fennel pointed out that they dominated largely because of the influence of centers of learning at Linchfarne. Subsequently, the kingdom was passed from King Egbert down to his grandson Alfred the Great, and on to King Edward the Confessor who became Rex Anglorum, which means King of the English in 1026 BC (Fennel, p. 57). The merging of Anglo-Saxon and Celtics had come to be known as the English people, and their language as the English language. The Scandinavian setOf course, there had been more developments and significant contribution towards the linguistic development of the English language. But, ultimately, invasions and settlements had been the major factors for this development. The invasion of the Romans and the collapse of the Empire lay the ground for the settlement of Anglo-Saxon, while the influx of more Germanic tribesmen overlay the founding of a new nation. In 787 to 850 AD, a new invasion and settlement had taken place the Scandinavian under King Guthrum invaded Britain which was under King Alfred.As the Danes were defeated by King Alfred, they withdrew from King Alfreds territory but remained in Britain. Eventually, he accepted Christianity and was baptized. The settlement of these people in England not only involved political and linguistic assimilation but also culture and religion which are essential in the development of langu age. The come through political assimilation that follows after the Scandinavian invasion as closely as the intermarriages of political rulers had been instrumental in Anglo-Saxon Celtic people to be identified as an English people.Fennell said that King enthalpys successor Richard II, was renowned as the lions tit who spoke little or no English at all, and dog-tired only six months in total on English soil (p. 57). Fennels emphasis on speaking English and pass six months on English soil meant two things, the beginning of the English language and of the English country. The Linguistic Development during the ticker Ages fondness Ages had been a very significant in the development of English languages after its assimilation during the merging of Anglo-Saxon and Celts.This period gave way to the advancement of the language in terms of words incorporation from other native languages specifically the Union European and some Germanic tribes. This was also significant in the blow up of the language in its grammatical structure. Change in the inflectional Endings Inflectional endings are unstressed syllables at the ends of words of most of Old English language such as en in drunken. The decay of inflectional endings was attributed to the influence of Vikings in their language and at the same time, the Germanic language has a stress on the first syllable and not on endings.Some of those endings that were omitted were -a, -e, -u and an, which had been evenly reduced to -e, (pronounced ). Another alteration involved the loss of concluding -n after -e in unstressed syllables. For example, drinken, from Old English drincan to drink, became first of all drinke and then drink (Baugh and Cable, 1993, p. 155). Fennel had also observed these significant changes in the English language. She pointed out that the development of more fixed words regulate and the loss of inflections (p. 97), characterizes the Middle English.Further, she observed slight consonantal changes in such that certain voiced consonants became voiceless and other voiceless consonants became voiced (p. 97). The Noun and Adjectives Old English is also typified in terms of infection wherein they add letter to the end of the word to signify another meaning either from odd to plural or gender differences. For instance, the singular stan, stanes and stane having its plural form of stanas, stana and stanum which fit to Baugh and Cable, reduced to stan, stanes and stane.These changes have been observed in the Modern English. Old English was seen as having similarity with the Latin grammar which was more inflected. To note, Old English had quartet cases the nominative, accusative, genitive and dative case cases that are emphasized by adding letter/s at the end of the word. For example, the singular neuter had an ending a, feminine had o, masculine had n. On the other hand, Latin had six cases such as nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative and ablative.This development in English language was obviously an influence of Roman in their language. Throughout the development process, especially coming into the Middle Ages, English language had survived its s plural form and the weak n form become infrequent as in the case of oxen, brethren, children and oxen. Verb Form The Middle English had a grammatical rule similar to the Modern English. In general, the first someone singular of the Middle English present filter verbs end in e, the second person had est, while the third person had eb.This is applied to strong verb, while in weak verbs, word endings utilise are ed(e), -d(e), or t(e). It was also usual in the Middle English the Object -Verb sequence whereas the Modern English follows the Verb-Object pattern for example then fell he down, which is contrast with todays grammar structure as then he fell down. (Fischer, p. 180-181) The infinitive to was also usual in Middle English which was later replaced by that. For instance, He commanded them that they should tie him up. (Fischer, p. 211)