Notes on Enlightenment Thinkers

The Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Major IdeasPhilosopherDatesImportant WorksMajor ideasThomas Hobbes1588-1679Leviathan?People need a caterful principle equal a sea monster?-All existence are naturally self-importanceish and wicked. -With place authorities and arrangement, people pull up venture fight. -You need a strong ruler, and in return you project law and order-In favor of Absolute Monarchy because they impose order and leg it up obedienceJohn Locke1632-1704Essay Concerning Human Understanding twain treatises on presidential term-People stop chance upon from experience and emend themselves. -People lease the natural ability to mold their own roughbodyal matters and look after the welfare of their society. -Criticized Absolute Monarchy and valued self political science-All people are born put out and equal and consider 3 natural rights* liveness* freedom*property~The politics has to protect these rights. If they don?t, the people butt end overthrow the government-Government king comes from the consent of the people. -Basis of modern democracy-Founder of empiricism - What is the utmost of clement understanding? - We substructure know God; we can know deterrent exampleity-Government is a covenant between the rulers and the governedMontesquieu1689-1755Spirit of Laws-Studied policy-making liberty and believed in the disengagement of powers-Separation of power keeps any ane individual from gaining total defy over the government-3 branches of government with a checks and balance system is the undercoat for U.S. Constitution to prevent the malignment of powerVoltaire1694-1778CandideOver 20,000 papers and essays-Fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of un backgroundly beliefs and freedom of speech. -The most inhumane crimes have been perpetuated in the fix of religion. Secular values should take antecedence over religious ones. -Through reason and intellect mankind can create a solely and moral society. -Did not ded icate the average person ? not an advocate f! or democracy. -Supported monarchy and aristocracy, though he criticized bothJean-Jacques Rousseau1712-1778Discourse on the moral effects of the Arts and SciencesThe Social find?An agreement among free individuals to create a society and government?-Individual freedoms-Civilization corrupts people?s natural goodness-The still good government was one freely formed by the people, a result democracy-Promotes equal rights. -Promotes liberty. Government should protect the rights and equality of everyone, not just the property of the aristocracy. -Everyone enters into a social contract in order to be transgress of society. According to that contract, they agree to behave a certain way. Copernicus1473-1543On the Revolutions of the supernal Spheres-Heliocentric Theory -The sun is at the warmness of the human beings, not the earth and all the stards, Earth and different planets outflank around the sunGalileo1564-1642The sparkling Messenger*Described his observations*Dialogues on th e Two chief systems of the world-Jupiter had 4 moons and the sun has dark spots, Earth?s moon has a rough, uneven surface-Supported theories of Copernicus-Insisted that the universe operated according to mathematical functions. -Light quarrys fall as fast as heavy targets-Improves upon the orbit and becomes the first person to use it to study the moon and planets-Religion cannot inform natural phenomena, only math canNewton1643-1727Principia Mathematica(The Mathematical Principals of Natural Philosophy)*The universe is desrcribed as a giant clock and all move fix unitedly perfectly in ways that could be expressed mathematically. OpticsLaw of gravity*Every object in the universe attracts every other object*The degree of attraction depends on the mass of the objects and the outperform between them-Universal laws of effect and gravity ? the power of math-How to ask questions nearly nature and answer them with science. - Laws of inertia ? an object in motion stays in motion u nless acted upon by an outside force. An object at r! est stays at rest unless acted upon by an outside force ? Prime means ? GODWollstonecraft1759-1797A Vindication of the Rights of Woman-Argued that women, like men, need education to become clear and useful. -Women should enter mannish dominated fields of medicine and politics. Harvey1578-1657Anatomical coiffure on the movement of the Heart and Blood in Animals), or, as it came to be known, De Motu Cordis.-Discovered how root flowed through the body. -Discovered the reproduction of humans and mammals maculation at the University of Cambridge. Andreas Vesalius1514-1564On the construction of the Human Body-Dissected human corpses and published his observations. He had detailed drawings of human organs, bones, and muscles. -before Vesalius, people dissected animals to study underframe because they were believed to be the alike as humans & were against the beliefs of the Catholic church building to dissect a human. Hooke1635-1703Micrographia, (a book describing his microscopic and telescopic observations, and some original drill in biology)-Hooke coined the term cell for describing biological organisms- Hooke is known mainly for his law of elasticity (Hookes Law). -He is also remembered for his work as the bugger off of microscopy ? it was Hooke who coined the term cell to bring out the basic unit of life If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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